Cranial nerve study guide PDF

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Summary

cranial nerves guide for exam...

Description

Cranial Nerve 1 (olfactory nerve)

Function

2 (optic nerve)

Sense of vision

Sense of smell

3 Eye muscles (oculomot or) 4 (trochlear) 6 (abducens)

5 (trigemina l nerve)

Motor: mastication Sensory: sense of touch on face

7 (facial

Motor: facial

Test

Abnormalities

1. Test patency by occluding a nostril and ask to sniff 2. Close eyes and ask them to identify a familiar scent 1. Confrontation test 2. Use ophthalmoscope, examine ocular fundus to determine color, size, shape of the optic disc 3. Peripheral test 1. check that palpebral fissures are equal in width 2. check pupils for size, regularity, equality, light reaction, and accommodation 3. assess cardinal position of gaze

Anosmia=decreased sense of smell which occurs with smoking, allergic rhinitis, and cocaine use

1. palpate muscles of mastication/chewing by palpating temporal and masseter muscles while person clenches teeth 2. touch cotton wisp to person’s face (should be equal) 1. ask person to smile, frown,

Unequal sensation – stroke (sensation is lost on opposite side of the lesion

Papilledema with increased intracranial pressure Congenital blindness Cannot test this nerve is lack of patency=stuffy nose due to upper respiratory infection or sinusitis Unequal pupils =increased intracranial pressure should be no strabismus/cross-eye) (PERRLA) (no nystagmus/jumping of eyes) ptosis which occurs with dysfunction of cranial nerve 3, myasthenia gravis, or Horner syndrome)

Bell’s palsy (affects upper and lower face on one side)

nerve)

8 (acoustic/ vestibuloco chlear nerve) 9 and 10 (glossopha ryngeal and vagus nerves)

11 (spinal accessory nerve)

12 (hypogloss al nerve)

expressions

close eyes tightly (against attempt to open them), lift eyebrows, show teeth, and puff cheeks (and press air out)

Sense of hearing

1. whispered voice test

Motor: tongue movement

1. “ahhh” test or yawns 2. gag reflex

CNS and PNS lesions (stroke will affects lower face on one side)

Dysfunction in swallowing following stroke-increase risk for aspiration Nasal twang=weakness of soft palate

Motor: pharyngeal movement Sternomasto id and trapezius muscles tongue

Hoarse or brassy voice=vocal cord dysfunction 1. ask person to rotate/turn head again resistance applied to the side of the chin 2. ask to shrug shoulders against resistance 1. inspect for wasting or tremors of the tongue 2. ask the person if “light, tight, dynamite” are clear and distinct

Muscle weakness or paralysis occurs with a stroke or following injury to peripheral nerve (surgical removal of lymph nodes) Atrophy Atrophy Fasciculation Tongue deviates to side with lesions of the hypoglossal nerves (tongue deviates to paralyzed side...