Criminology Internship Lecture Notes University of Pennsylvania PDF

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Laboratory High School – Junior High LEARNING PACKET

Document Code Revision No. Effectivity

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9 (ENRICHED CURRICULUM) UNIT 1 / LP 1 DATE: January 17 – February 18, 2022 NAME:_____________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: ___________________________ CONTACT NUMBER: _________________________ TEACHER’S NAME: JOHN MICHAEL A. GUERZON TOPIC: BASIC BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES (PART 1) SCORE: EVALUATE

REMARKS:

SCORE: MINI TASK

REMARKS:

ENRICHED CONTENT STANDARD: The learners demonstrate understanding of the methods and appropriate laboratory techniques necessary in conducting science investigations.

ENRICHED PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learners should be able to apply and utilize specific standard laboratory procedure.

STANDARD FOR MISSION AND IDENTITY: Social Involvement/Ecological Integrity and Engaged Citizenship/Integration of Creation

Remember that these are our targets in this lesson. While accomplishing this learning packet, you should be able to

ENRICHED LEARNING COMPETENCY: Integrate simple biological laboratory procedures with a basic biological assay.

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MINI-TASK: Craft a data logbook that specifies all the biological methods and procedures with a complete list of materials and specific quantities needed in the experimentation. See the complete set of instructions following the Evaluate portion of the learning packet. A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY A. 1 PRE-TEST Five (5) laboratory apparatus/equipment which are deemed essential in most of the basic biological laboratory techniques are presented below. For every biological procedure that you see below, write the materials that think are essential for the procedure to be performed. Each test may have more than one answer. Select from the choices provided.

A.

B.

1

Tissue Culture Technique

2

Microscopy

3

Aseptic Technique

4

Dissection

C.

D.

E.

A.2 ESSENTIAL CONCEPT AND TERMINOLOGY Microscopy – technical field in science that deal with the use of microscopes to view minute objects (not seen by the naked eye) Tissue Culture – technique in biological research that deals with the use fragments called “tissues” that are grown in artificial media separate from the parent organism. Aseptic Technique – set of techniques and procedures performed to prevent contamination from microorganisms in the environment. Dissection – is a method used of dismembering of the body of a deceased animal or plant to study its anatomical structure. It is also known as anatomization.

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A.3. INTRODUCTION Science Research for Grade 9 Enriched Curriculum is dedicated to preparing you for your upcoming data gathering. Here, you will be taught the proper handling of materials and specific procedures and laboratory protocols in performing experiments. Preliminary to that is a series of discussions about common scientific procedures that start with biological techniques. In this learning packet, you will be familiarized with the four (4) most basic biological techniques performed in the biology laboratory—microscopy, tissue culture, aseptic technique, and dissection. Proper handling of materials and following the specific procedure are vital in making sure that the experiment will turn out well. This lesson will serve as a preliminary discussion of what are you going to expect in the experimentation in the laboratory. B. PRESENTATION B.1 ENGAGE For our preliminary activity, please read this document that is directly lifted from Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) website (2020). It talks about the requirements imposed by the Department of Health of COVID-19 testing facilities.

Assessment of testing labs crucial for COVID-19 results accuracy MUNTINLUPA CITY—Given the complexity of conducting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of suspected COVID-19 cases, the Department of Health-Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (DOH–RITM) reiterates that molecular diagnostics laboratories to be established by local government units (LGUs) and other interested parties must first undergo proper evaluation and proficiency tests. RITM Director Celia Carlos highlighted that conforming to biosafety principles is a precondition to avoiding inaccuracies and the occurrence of laboratory-acquired infections. “Assuring results accuracy and preventing possible infection of laboratory personnel are the fundamental principles behind the evaluation of COVID-19 testing center candidates. The virus we look for in every sample we receive is highly contagious, thus, it necessitates a Biosafety Level 2 facility, laboratory technologists trained on biosafety and PCR procedures, regularly calibrated equipment and instruments, and a well-established protocol on the quality assurance of test results,” she explained. The biosafety measures and PCR testing procedures to detect genetic sequences of SARSCoV-2—the virus that causes COVID-19—are recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) long before the disease was declared a pandemic. This virus is new and the world has yet to develop a vaccine, hence, the mishandling of samples presents a high risk of producing inaccurate results, the possible infection of laboratory technologists, and the contamination of collected samples and the immediate testing environment.

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As more and more groups are expressing their intention to establish their own testing centers, the DOH calls on all interested parties to observe the proper laboratory application protocol. Currently, facilities and groups are advised to write a letter of intent addressed to OIC Undersecretary Maria Rosario Singh-Vergiere of the Health Regulation Team. Upon receipt of the letter, the DOH will send a self-assessment tool for the requesting parties to accomplish. A composite team made up of representatives from RITM, WHO, and the Health Facilities and Services Bureau will evaluate the application based on the abovementioned prerequisites, and provide necessary recommendations to facilitate their application. Once application deficiencies are addressed, technologists of the applicant laboratory must undergo a proficiency test. Once they pass the said test, the laboratory will be authorized to operate as a testing laboratory for COVID-19. The newly-operational laboratory should submit to RITM the first five (5) positive samples for confirmation. If there is good concordance between the newly-operational laboratory’s and RITM’s results, the newly- operational laboratory can commence COVID-19 testing independently of RITM. As the National Reference Laboratory for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, RITM will regularly conduct proficiency tests to ensure and maintain the high-quality performance of independent laboratories.

you understand the procedures mentioned such as the Polymerase Chain ction? If you will be offered a job by the RITM, what do you think are the basic irements for you to land in a job in testing COVID-19 suspects?

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Is it relevant to require the technicians hired in the COVID-19 testing facility to know exactly the procedure on the operation of the equipment and devices? Why do you think so?

_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

B.2 EXPLAIN When we go to the laboratory, we will be asked to manipulate different apparatuses and equipment. For this exploratory activity, draw the following materials, then identify where the mentioned parts are located. Also mention the use of these parts.

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Eyepiece

Revolving Nosepiece

Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Scalpel Objective Lenses

Condenser

Tip Sharp Edge Handle

Mirror

Stage and Clips Simple Compound Light Microscope

Blue Flame

Fuel

Alcohol Lamp + Flame Parts

Inoculating Loop and Needle

Scissor Type Surgical Forceps Jaw Locking Rachet

Screw Cap Test Tube

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For students in the offline modality, kindly access these files in your LMS. Follow file names as presented here. Discussion Guide: Why is there a need to flame sterilize noculating loops and needle?

Procedure

Visualization

Supplement

Aseptic Technique (Microbiology and Plating)

Why is there a need to flame sterilize test tube mouth before and after inoculation? What is the function of the open flame during inoculation?

Discussion Guide: Why is there a need for the materials to be sterilized first before the procedure? What characteristic/laboratory environment factors are required for the growth of the plants?

Read Protocol from Introduction to Micropropagation

Visualization ue

Discussion Guide: What are the different types of light and electron microscopes? What are their functions?

Focusing a Microscope

Light and Electron Microscopy Manipulating the Mi

When will you use the coarse and fine adjustments when focusing the microscope?

Discussion Guide: Why is there a need to anesthetize or sedate the organism first? How important procedure?

forceps

are

in

the

dissection

Protocol: Drosophila Dissection Simple Dissection (Students may microsurgical procedu

Visualization

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A data logbook is a notebook record of all the science investigationrelated activities that you will be doing. It is a journal that is composed of a combination of word, numbers, and illustrations that you can use to write down important information pertinent to your research work.

We will use knowledge about this when we proceed to the Mini-Task. Follow the sample format that will be provided for you.

B.3 EVALUATION NAME: _______________________________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ________________________________

DATE: _________________________________ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EC 9

Modified Enumeration Test. The following items consist of a list of materials that are needed in performing the basic biological techniques. Put a checkmark (/) on the box provided before the material if these are needed; otherwise, puta cross “X” mark.

Frog Dissection (select 6 materials only) □ Scalpel □ Agar Media □ Dissecting Pan □ Pin □ Inoculating Needle □ Sedative □ Dissecting Microscope □ Forceps □ Inoculating Loop □ Bunsen Burner

Aseptic Technique (Transferring Bacteria from Liquid Broth Media to Solid Agar Plate Surface) (Select 5 materials only) □ Disinfectant □ Surgical Gloves □ Dissecting Pan □ Pin □ Inoculating Needle □ Sedative □ Dissecting Microscope □ Forceps □ Inoculating Loop □ Bunsen Burner/Alcohol Lamp

Tissue Culture Technique (Select 6 materials only) □ Laminar Flow Hood □ Scalpel □ Agar Media □ Explant □ Forceps □ Microscope □ Screw Cap Test Tube □ Bunsen Burner/Alcohol Lamp

Select what you would directly touch/hold when you are asked to view specimen under LPO (simple light microscope) (Select 3 only) □ Mirror/Light Source Switch □ Revolving Nose Piece □ Objective Lenses □ Specimen/Glass Slide □ Stage Clip □ Coarse Adjustment Knob □ Dust Shield

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SCENARIO: You are a student researcher and currently working on the preliminary that requires you to grow bacteria Escherichia coli from a mother agar plate/culture ilable in the research unit) to a liquid broth media. You are now to prepare your data ook and requisition slip of all the materials that you will be needing since the research requires all materials and quantities to be requested at least three (3) days before day of the experiment. Accomplish your data logbook and requisition slip.

In a narrative format, explain or enumerate the procedure that you will do.

Draw and label SIGNIFICANT step(s) that you need to remember in performing the task.

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REQUISITION SLIP CN: ____ COMPLETE NAME: _____________________________________________ DATE: ____________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ________________________________________ DATE OF ACTIVITY: __________________ Quantity

Materials/Equipment Needed

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

C. SUMMARY In this lesson, you are introduced to four (4) basic biological techniques. The aseptic technique is performed to avoid microbial contamination that may affect experimental results. Aseptic technique is commonly performed in the microbiological laboratory especially in transferring organisms from one media to another. The Tissue Culture Technique is a procedure performed that adheres to aseptic principles as well. This is done to grow plants from undifferentiated cells and is kept in culture bottles under favorable conditions. The process of Dissection is performed to isolate a specific organ in an organism. We observe ethical standards when we perform them with animals. Microscopy is done with the use of a microscope to serve as an aid to the naked eye when we want to see minute objects. D. INSIGHTS

Researchers spend a lot of time preparing and planning for their final experimentation. This guarantees reliable results but do not guarantee positive or favorable result (that is, your solution to the problem is effective). Does that mean that your research results are not valuable? Does that also mean that your efforts are useless?

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REFERENCES: Auburn University. (nd). Classes Biology. Retrieved from Microscopy I: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/biol/4101/estridge2/tutorial1a.pdf Ayal, S. (2020, January 14). Online Microbiology Notes. Retrieved from General Aseptic Techniques in Microbiology Laboratory: https://microbenotes.com/general-aseptic-techniques-inmicrobiology-laboratory/#general-aseptic-techniques-in-microbiology-laboratory Loyola-Vargas, V. M., & Ochoa-Alejo, N. (2018). An introduction to plant tissue culture: Advances and perspectives. Methods in Molecular Biology. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_1 Nascimento, G. G., Locatelli, J., Freitas, P. C., & Silva, G. L. (2000). Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 247256. NCERT OFFICIAL. (2015, December 12). Youtube. Retrieved from PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CSIR. profferings. (2015, September 22). Youtube. Retrieved from Focusing a Microscope: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5AWck2JL58 Research Institute for Tropical Medicine. (2020, April 19). Department of Health. Retrieved from News: Assessment of testing labs crucial for COVID-19 results accuracy: http://ritm.gov.ph/assessmentof-testing-labs-crucial-for-covid-19-results-accuracy/ The Center for eLearning Multimedia Team. (2017, June 23). Youtube. Retrieved from MCB2010C Microbiology: Aseptic Technique: youtube.com/watch?v=aCogerlXpM4 Tito, A. J., Cheema, S., Jiang, M., & Zhang, S. (2016). A simple one-step dissection protocol for wholemount preparation of adult Drosophila brains. Journal of Visualized Experiments. doi: 10.3791/55128

Answers for Pre-Test: 1. B, C, D, and E ; 2. A; 3. C and E; 4. A*, B, and E (if using dissecting microscope)

Pre

JO Sub

T, MAEd-Bio

Reviewed and Approved by:

LORNA E. LUCAS, LPT, MBS Learning Area Coordinator

JOSELITO C. GUTIERREZ, LPT, PhD Assistant Principal

Due Date to the LAC: January 5,2022 10am

MARILYN L. BALMEO, LPT, PhD Principal

Due ...