CRJU Exam 2 study guide PDF

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main terms and concepts to study for the second test in criminal justice....

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CRJU Exam 2 Chapter 6 Shire reeve – responsible for the collection of taxes and the maintenance of the king’s peace within the shire, which was an area similar to a country or parish is the US today. Constable -performed clerical duties of the court and housed prisoners awaiting trial. Order- Maintenance – activities that included settling disputes, dispersing crowds, keeping sidewalks and streets clear and traffic flowing smoothly, and other important activities. “gray areas” most common activity of police Reactive – police departments that only respond or react to crime. (come when called and chill other times) Proactive – police departments that use its own initiative in aggressively seeking out crimes and criminals. (vice squad, out in the field) Paramilitary structure – police department with ranks and a chain of demand Community- oriented policing – approach to policing that relies on community definitions of police functions and a partnership between the police and the community in the production of public safety. (foot patrol, neighborhood watch) Compstat- (first in NYC) represents a compromise between the decentralized community policing model and the traditional paramilitary- style bureaucracy. Gives decision making authority to middle-level managers such as the district commanders. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Timely and accurate info and intelligence Rapid deployment of resources Effective tactics Relentless follow up

Police specialization – divides tasks into special units or divisions. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Administration Communication Patrol Internal review

Legalistic style – involves relatively frequent and formal interventions Service style – police intervened frequently, but informally Watchman style- police intervened infrequently Cynicism – entails distrust or suspicion

Inherent Role Conflict associated with policing We want safe streets, but we don’t want police in our business No formal policing system existed before the Norman Conquest in 1066. There was a hue and cry which was policy of self help used in villages Shire Reeves – duty to pursue and apprehend law violators. Appointed by the crown or major land holders. (like sheriffs) Watch System – group of men that patrolled at night to protect against robberies, fires, and disturbances. Reported to constables Justice of the Peace – created in 1326 to assist shire reeves. Took judicial function to help settle disputes. Became peacemakers. 18th Century – changes to how law enforcement was carried out. When the industrial revolution happened, urban crimes increased. 1700’s- 1800’s = Monied Police Private police agencies that had extreme corruption 1748 – Bow Street Runners Administrative structure with record keeping 1829 Metropolitan Police Act – Sir Robert Peel. First organized police for London. Structured like military. Known as “bobbies” By 1856, every borough in England had a police force Policing in United States Mainly county sheriffs. Reactive and only respond to citizen complaints. Fee system: salary related to effectiveness. Oversaw jails Boston implemented modern police era in 1838 (1st modern PD)...