CSS Exam 1 Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Lecture notes for lectures 1-7 ...

Description

Turfgrass: Is monocotyledon

Seed: Embryo – a miniature plant (not green) Endosperm – food supply upon germination

Germination: Imbibed water absorbed Hypocotyl – grows up Radicle – grows down Root hairs absorb water and nutrien

Four-Leaf Stage: First tiller Crown roots- most important root Un-elongated root If Crown dies Plant dies Seed seminal roots

Roots: Fibrous System Live less than a year Do not have nodes Seminal roots form before crown roots

Leaves: Initiated from Crown Growing point at base of leaf

Secondary shoot: Tillers

Modified Stems: Stolon - grows laterally aboveground Rhizomes – grow laterally underground Turf can have none, one, or both

Growth Habits: Bunch Type – No stolons or rhizomes / limited spread by tillering Spreading Type – Stolons and/or rhizomes

Life Cycles: Annual – one year or less Perennial – More than one year

Cool-Season Grasses: Optimal top growth – 60-75 F soil temperature at 2inch depth Dormancy – occurs in winter(cold weather) or summer (drought)

Cool-season Turf dormancy: Green tissue still remains (winter) Turn light brown (Summer Drought)

Warm-Season Turf Dormancy: In winter when temp drops all green disappears

Soil: Collection of natural bodies on earth’s surface that contains living matter and support plants 50% mineral/25% Air/25% Water/Small percent Organic Matter Integral part of ecological system of plant life Medium to anchor roots Water reservoir Releases essential elements for plant growth Harbors Microorganisms

Dirt: Does not support plant life

Soil Erosion: Splatter erosion Sheet erosion Wind erosion

Soil Formation: Parent material Climatic conditions Relief or topography Vegetation Time

Weathering Processes: Rocks broken down due to temperature change Frictions from rivers, glaciers, and landslides Sandpaper action of winds Corrosive compounds

Parent Material: Rocks and minerals Glacial deposits Loess deposits Alluvial and marine deposits 1

Forrest soil: Thin surface horizon Thick bleached subsoil Generally low fertility Tend to be acidic

Grassland Soil: Thick dark surface/high organic matter High fertile Tend to be alkaline

Older soil: Deeper soil profiles Highly Weathered

Profile: Vertical section of the soil through all horizons

Horizon: Specific layer in soil

Soil Physical Properties: Color does not really matter Soil Texture: Sand 2.0 - .05 mm Silt .05 - .002 mm Clay < .002 mm

Soil Chemistry: Nutrient sinks: Clays – Plate shaped with positive charge that attracts cations Do best in slightly acidic soils

Raise ph: Decrease hydrogen atoms

Soil Test: Analysis of plant available major and minor essential nutrients P,Ca,K,S, not Nitrogen Do not include: B,Cl,Fe,Mg,Zn,Cu,Mo,Ni

Test Results: Soil Ph Amount of each plant available nutrients is shown Deficiencies are noted

Turf Quality: Uniformity and Density

Cool Grass: C3 photosynthesis 3 carbon compound Turf cool season originated from eastern Europe

Kentucky Bluegrass: Rhizomes Excellent in low temperatures Thrives in sun Use – Lawn and Golf course

Poa Annua: Bunch or spreading Produces seeds anytime during growing season Considered a weed Has light green color

Perennial Ryegrass Bunch Type High Wear Tolerance...