CVS Multiple Choice PDF

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Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1.

The primary site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid occurs across what type of blood vessel? (A) venules (B) arteries (C) veins (D) capillaries

2.

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________ (A) locating the apex (B) finding the papillary muscles (C) tracing out where the auricles connect (D) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

3.

Which statement best describes arteries? (A) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium (B) All arteries have high blood pressure (C) All arteries carry oxygenated blood (D) All arteries have blood flow away from the heart

4.

What are the small muscle masses called that attached to the chordae tendineae (A) pectinate muscles (B) papillary muscles (C) venae cavae (D) trabeculae carneae

5.

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the... (A) left ventricle (B) left atrium (C) right ventricle (D) right atrium

6.

What happens in the condition known as complete heart block? (A) Coronary arteries are blocked by plaques, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching the myocardial contractile cells (B) Electrical signals from the SA node never reach the ventricles, so the contraction of the atria is not coordinated with the contraction of the ventricles (C) The mitral valve leaflets calcify and close, preventing blood from being pumped efficiently by the left side of the heart (D) The fibrous skeleton of the heart breaks down, interfering with the passage of blood from the atria to the ventricles

7.

The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important because (A) it represents the driving pressure for blood flow (B) it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole (C) it is less than the average of systolic and diastolic pressure (D) it is always greater than mean venous pressure

8.

Blood supply to the heart comes from ________. (A) coronary arteries (B) blood within the atria (C) blood within the ventricles (D) aorta

9.

The opening and closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is driven by ________. (A) contraction and relaxation of the valve (B) contraction of the ventricle and atria that pull the valves into place (C) differences in pressure across the valve (D) contraction of muscles attached to the valves

10. What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs? (A) pulmonary vein (B) inferior vena cava (C) superior vena cava (D) pulmonary artery 11. The term autorhythmicity refers to the heart's ability to ________. (A) act as a functional syncytium (B) generate its own contractile cycle (C) intrinsically modify its contractility (D) conduct action potentials along the conduction pathway 12. Which of the following is the correct conduction pathway through the heart? (A) SA node; AV node; bundle of His; bundle branches; Purkinje fibers (B) SA node; Purkinje fibers; AV node; bundle of His; bundle branches (C) Bundle of His; bundle branches; Purkinje fibers; SA node; AV node (D) Purkinje fibers; bundle of His; bundle branches; SA node; AV node 13. Which of the following components of an ECG represents ventricular repolarization? (A) T wave (B) PQ interval (C) P wave (D) TQ segment 14. What causes the rapid depolarization phase of a contractile cell action potential? (A) sodium movement out of the cell (B) calcium movement into the cell (C) potassium movement into the cell (D) sodium movement into the cell 15. During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves open? (A) ventricular ejection (B) isovolumetric contraction (C) none (D) ventricular filling 16. The preload is approximately the same as the ________. (A) end-systolic pressure (B) atrial pressure (C) end-diastolic pressure (D) aortic systolic pressure 17. Which of the following equations is correct? (A) resistance = (length × radius4) / viscosity (B) cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate (C) mean arterial pressure = resistance × viscosity (D) cardiac output = mean arterial pressure × total peripheral resistance 18. In the circulatory system, the largest pressure drop occurs across which blood vessels? (A) venules (B) capillaries (C) veins (D) arterioles 19. The total cross-sectional area is greatest in which blood vessel type? (A) venules (B) arteries (C) capillaries (D) veins

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20. Chemicals released by metabolically active cells will cause which of the following? (A) relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle to increase blood flow (B) contraction of capillary smooth muscle to increase blood flow (C) relaxation of capillary smooth muscle to decrease blood flow (D) contraction of arteriolar smooth muscle to decrease blood flow 21. During exercise, which organs receive an increase in the proportion of cardiac output delivered to it? (A) skeletal muscle, heart, and skin (B) brain and heart (C) skeletal muscle, skin and brain (D) skeletal muscle, heart, and brain 22. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the following statement? Edema is likely to occur when… (A) a subject sits in a stationary position for an extended period of time. (B) the capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases. (C) the concentration of protein in the blood decreases. (D) the flow rate of lymph in the lymphatic circulation decreases. 23. The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to… (A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane (B) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane (C) calcium channels remaining open (D) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion 24. The right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery are branches of the (A) right coronary artery. (B) left coronary artery. (C) coronary sinus. (D) circumflex artery. 25. The first heart sound is heard (A) when the aortic and pulmonary valves shut. (B) when the atrioventricular valves open. (C) just after the ST interval on the ECG. (D) when the ventricles contract.

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Answers 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25)

D D because of the greater pressures generated in the left ventricle, the muscle mass is larger D arteries in the pulmonary system have lower pressure and lower oxygen B B B A A C D the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium B A A D Na in contractile cell, Ca in nodal cell C in isovolumetric contraction all 4 valves are closed, but there is never a circumstance when all 4 are open C B resistance = viscosity/(length × radius4), cardiac output = mean arterial pressure / total peripheral resistance D C A A increased blood flow to skin for heat loss, blood flow to brain is dependent on neural activity B C A D +

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