Darwin and Evolution Overall Breakdown PDF

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GETϭϬϮϬ Darwin Θ Evolution Background Contents Creation Stories Animal stories Fossils Species The age of the Earth & the fossil record 1500- Pioneering Naturalists (Age of Enlightenment) John Ray (1627-1705) Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Georges Buffon (1707-1788) Mining James Hutton (1726-1797)......

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GET Darwin  Evolution Contents Background ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Creation Stories................................................................................................................................... 6 Animal stories ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Fossils .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Species ................................................................................................................................................ 7 The age of the Earth & the fossil record 1500-1830............................................................................... 7 Pioneering Naturalists (Age of Enlightenment) .................................................................................. 7 John Ray (1627-1705) ..................................................................................................................... 7 Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) .............................................................................................................. 7 Georges Buffon (1707-1788)........................................................................................................... 8 Mining ............................................................................................................................................. 8 James Hutton (1726-1797).............................................................................................................. 8 William ‘Strata’ Smith -1839) ................................................................................................. 8 Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) ........................................................................................................... 8 Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829)........................................................................................... 9 Mary Anning (1799-1847) ............................................................................................................... 9 William Buckland (1784-1856)........................................................................................................ 9 Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)......................................................................................................... 10 Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844)........................................................................... 11 Darwin's childhood & education........................................................................................................... 12 Charles Darwin (1809-1882) ............................................................................................................. 12 The Second Voyage of HMS Beagle (1831-1836).................................................................................. 16 Santiago, Cape Verde Islands ............................................................................................................ 17 Bahia, Brazil....................................................................................................................................... 17 Official Naturalist .............................................................................................................................. 17 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires ............................................................................................................... 17 Patagonia .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Science vs Religion? .......................................................................................................................... 19 Tierra del Fuego ................................................................................................................................ 19 Chiloe Island ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Valdivia, Chile .................................................................................................................................... 20 Galapagos Islands.............................................................................................................................. 20

Coral Atolls, Tahiti ............................................................................................................................. 22 New Zealand and Australia ............................................................................................................... 23 St. Helena .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Home ................................................................................................................................................. 23 The Beginnings of a Theory (1837-1839) .............................................................................................. 25 Alfred Russel Wallace (1823  1913) .................................................................................................... 28 Wallace in the Malay Archipelago (1854-1862).................................................................................... 31 Sarawak Law paper: On the Law which has regulated the Introduction of New Species (1855) ..... 31 Wallace Line ...................................................................................................................................... 31 Ternate Essay: On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely From the Original Type (1858) .......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Linnean Society of London ................................................................................................................ 33 On the Origin of Species .................................................................................................................... 34 Return to Britain ............................................................................................................................... 34 Flat Earth Wager ............................................................................................................................... 35 Spiritualism ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Later Years ........................................................................................................................................35 Did Darwin Delay?................................................................................................................................. 36 Source of Darwin Delay Claims ......................................................................................................... 36 “My Delay” ........................................................................................................................................ 36 “Like Confessing A Murder” .............................................................................................................. 37 How Darwin treated secrets ............................................................................................................. 38 If Darwin did not delay, what was he doing for 20 years? ............................................................... 38 Darwin’s barnacle years  - 1853................................................................................................ 39 More Evidence .................................................................................................................................. 41 On the Origin of Species (1859)............................................................................................................. 43 Variation under Domestication Chapter 1 ........................................................................................ 43 Variation in Nature Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................... 43 Struggle for Existence Chapter 3....................................................................................................... 44 Natural Selection Chapter 4 .............................................................................................................. 44 Difficulties on Theory Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................... 44 On the Imperfection of the Geological Record Chapter 9 ................................................................ 45 Geological Succession of Organic Beings Chapter 10 ....................................................................... 45 Geographical Distribution Chapter 11-12 ......................................................................................... 45 Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology: Embryology: Rudimentary Organs Chapter 13 . 46 Kind Design?...................................................................................................................................... 46

Reception of On the Origin of Species .................................................................................................. 48 1860 Oxford Evolution Debate ......................................................................................................... 49 Blending Inheritance ......................................................................................................................... 49 Batesian Mimicry .............................................................................................................................. 49 Paul Du Chaillu (1861) and Gorillas................................................................................................... 50 The Great Hippocampus Question.................................................................................................... 51 Charles Lyell ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Thomas Henry Huxley ....................................................................................................................... 51 Evolution of the Horse fossils, 1870s ................................................................................................ 52 Grant Allen (1882) ............................................................................................................................. 53 Wallace, Darwinism (1889) ............................................................................................................... 53 2018/2019 Sem 1 Mid-Year Questions ................................................................................................. 54 Victorian Naturalism ............................................................................................................................. 56 Pierre-Simon Laplace ........................................................................................................................56 Biblical Scholarship ........................................................................................................................... 58 Darwin’s Theory ................................................................................................................................ 60 The Sex Life of Plants ............................................................................................................................61 Orchid Pollination ............................................................................................................................. 61 Insectivorous Plants .......................................................................................................................... 63 Common sun-dew, Drosera rotundifolia ......................................................................................63 Venus Flytrap, Dionaea muscipula................................................................................................ 64 Bladderworts, Utricularia.............................................................................................................. 64 Pitcher plants ................................................................................................................................ 64 On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants, 1865 ................................................................. 65 The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom, 1876 ..................................... 65 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species, 1877 .............................................. 65 The Power of Movement in Plants, 1880 .......................................................................................... 65 The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, 1868 ........................................................ 67 Gemmules ..................................................................................................................................... 67 The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871 ............................................................... 69 Homologies ....................................................................................................................................... 69 Embryology ....................................................................................................................................... 69 Rudimentary (Vestigial) Organs ........................................................................................................ 69 Sexual Selection ................................................................................................................................ 70 The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) ........................................................... 70 Darwin and Religion .............................................................................................................................. 72

Biblical Scholarship (Late 1700s  early 1800s) ................................................................................ 73 Darwin’s Reasons .............................................................................................................................. 74 Evolution after Darwin: Mendel and the beginnings of genetics ......................................................... 77 Francis Galton (1822-1911)............................................................................................................... 78 August Weissman.............................................................................................................................. 78 Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) ............................................................................................................. 78 Hugo de Vries .................................................................................................................................... 79 Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri ................................................................................................... 79 Thomas Hunt Morgan ....................................................................................................................... 79 Modern Synthesis .............................................................................................................................80 DNA ................................................................................................................................................... 80 The Age Of The Earth ........................................................................................................................ 80 Lord Kelvin/William Thomson ....................................................................................................... 80 Ernest Rutherford ......................................................................................................................... 80 Wallace Line ...................................................................................................................................... 80 Theory of Continental Drift ............................................................................................................... 81 Plate Tectonics (1950s to 1960s) ...................................................................................................... 81 Palaeomagnetic Evidence ............................................................................................................. 81 Sea-Floor Spreading ...................................................................................................................... 82 Discovering the Origins of Mankind...................................................................................................... 83 Neanderthal ...................................................................................................................................... 83 Homo erectus .................................................................................................................................... 83 Piltdown Man.................................................................................................................................... 83 Peking Man ....................................................................................................................................... 83 “Taung Child” .................................................................................................................................... 83 Homo habilis, 1960 ........................................................................................................................... 84 Lucy, 1973 ......................................................................................................................................... 84 Laetoli footprints............................................................................................................................... 84 Why did hominids start walking on two legs? .................................................................................. 84 Geladas.............................................................................................................................................. 85 Brain Size ........................................................................................................................................... 85 Homo floresiensis ............................................................................................................................. 85 Denisovans ........................................................................................................................................ 85 Humans ............................................................................................................................................. 85 Recent Opponents of Evolution ............................................................................................................ 87 Scopes Monkey Trial (1925) .............................................................................................................. 87

Creationism Movements................................................................................................................... 87 Eugenics ............................................................................................................................................ 88 Creation Museum (opened in 2007) ................................................................................................. 89 How old is the Earth? ........................................................................................................................ 89 Geology and Palaeontology ................