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Abbey Walker APUSH Mr. Leffler 12 November 2020 Period 4 DBQ During the 18th century the United States was greatly affected by the Second Great awakening, a Protestant revival movement. It led to great reforms in the United States by making possible personal relationships with God, which many people desired during the 18th century. The desire for reformation only expanded and grew over the next years. Social reform movements from 1825-1855 such as feminism, abolition of slavery, and the push for better treatment of slaves / mentally ill led to an expansion of democratic ideals by emphasizing gender equality, racial equality, and fair treatment of others. During the reform movements, transcendentalists advocated having a personal relationship with God, and available recourses for proper education. Men like Horace Mann advocated public education for everyone and leading one of the greatest educational reforms, Horace taught that education should be universal. He used his influence and power within Massachusetts to build the first public schools. Because he was a member of the Massachusetts legislature, he understood the need for public education (POV). He also felt that crime would go down if everyone were educated, because education allowed opportunity (Doc 3). There was also reforms for equal opportunities and knowledge of secular and biblical principles. Men like Ralph Waldo Emerson believed each person had a duty to perform to better the society. Being a transcendentalist, Emerson believed there was no mediator needed for common people to have a

relationship with God. According to him, personal relationships were attainable and should be the strived for. During the revolution era, feminists struggled to fight for their equality, and some fought against the cult of domesticity, which subjugated women and violated their natural rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a feminist, wrote the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments to strengthen her point, that although she did not have a say in certain laws, she was still forced to abide by them. She stated that even the lowest men got more rights than her and other women (Doc 6). As a feminist Stanton’s purpose was to gain women rights; however, her own husband, as well as many other men, were against her belief (POV). Other feminists, such as Sojourner Truth, used her experience as a slave and women to challenge the authority of men over women (Doc 7). She stated that although she was a women and should be treated with respect, she was treated worse than some men. Sojourner, a black women, spoke about how men in the North helped the women over ditches, and into carriages, but because she was a black feminist, she did not get the same kind of luxurious treatment. Sojourner felt neglected, because although she had worked harder, and was just as able as most men, she was not given the credit she believed she should receive. Sojourner used her muscle, and scars from slavery to prover her point that she was not treated like a women should be treated (POV). Women also united in a common belief that their husbands were irresponsible with alcohol and should be given limits. They were often abused and neglected because their husbands were always drunkards. Their husbands used alcohol as an everyday drink, because the water was often polluted, so the fermentation of the alcohol provided a fresh and clean refreshment from water; although, they drank it irresponsibly and came home almost every night drunk. Unfortunately, feminists did not receive the recognition they wanted. Although, like the early 19th century reform movement, the feminist fight for

equality laid a foundation to hopefully achieve full equality and liberty for all Americans in the years to come. Another common issue during the revolutionary era, was the mistreatment of people who were not average white men. William Lloyd Garrison addressed the issue of Slavery at his National Anti-Slavery Convention. He advocated for slaves by stating that they were treated as marketable commodities, who were bought, sold, and treated like brute beasts. He even offered proof that slavery was one of the most prominent issues in thousands of facts, and in the laws of slaveholding States. William was so motivated he founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. His purpose was to open the people’s eyes to the horrible reality of slavery through promoting the ideals in the declaration of independence and attempting to abolish slavery (POV). There were also people bringing awareness to the mistreatment of the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix wanted the insane to be cared for and she criticized their inhumane treatment. Dix offered a solution to the mistreatment of the mentally ill by advocating that they have the potential to live a good life and maybe even be successful if they are treated with kindness and care. Dorothea eventually persuaded the American public and state legislators to authorize legal support and funding for asylums. The issue of slavery, and the mistreatment of the insane, brought awareness to the authorities, and the mentally ill were even better cared for under the supervision of Dorothea Dix. Although not all of the problems with slavery were solved, minds were being worked on, and awareness was being spread. Reformers, and great speakers did not achieve all that they wanted; however, awareness kept being spread in later years, and eventually led to the civil rights movement which brought legal protection and ended segregation. Although feminists were not as lucky. They did not

receive the rights they wanted and the equality they strived for; however, their push for equality led to the beginning of accomplishing federal equality rights in the future....