Development Of Sociology Study Material and Summary PDF

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This tackles about how sociology was made....

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GENERAL SOCIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL TOPIC:DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

>Development of Sociology in EUROPE - sociological theorists emerged in Europe in the nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution. Sociology as a science owes it’s status to the following forerunners who contributed much to it’s development: 1.August Comte (1798-1857) -known for his work “Positive Philosophy”(1885) in which he organized social and scientific achievements of his time. -developer of the method of positivism, emphasizing the techniques of observation, comprehension and experimentation in the development of knowledge concerning the nature of society and human action. 2.Karl Marx(1818-1883) -he addressed his writings to the inequities between producers of wealth and the owners of it’s production. -he believed that a social scientist should not only observe but also work in order to change the inequalities between different social classes. 3.Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) -he believed that sociology should focus on social evolution rather than on social improvement. -he had an organismic view of the nature of society, that is, a living organism with specific organs, each performing specific functions. 4.Emile Durkheim(1858-!917) -he was the first to receive a doctoral degree in sociology and was appointed as one of the first professors of Sociology in France. 5.Max Weber(1864-1920)

-he was a German sociologist, who thought that to comprehend social behavior, people must understand the meanings attached to their actions. -he developed the ideal type model of bureaucracy, according to him bureaucracy reflects the values of the institutions.

>Development of Sociology in the UNITED STATES *Year 1893 -the first Department of Sociology was established at the University of Chicago. *Year 1864-1944 -the Chicago School of Sociology produced scholars whose work emphasized the importance of social interaction in the development of human thoughts and action. Here are the contributors of the development of sociology in the United States: 1.Robert Park(1864-1944) -he was interested in urban processes and development. 2.George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) -he advocated that self and society are one and individuals internalize social role expectations, social values and norms. 3.Talcott Parson(1902-1979) -he developed a general theory of action and analyzed social phenomena. 4.Robert Merton(1919) -he was concerned with the linking general theory to empirical testing. -he contributed immensely to the understanding of concepts such as social structures, deviance, and bureaucracies. 5.Lester Ward(1841-1913) -he believed that social progress is possible only through intelligent social action. -he also advocated the use of scientific knowledge and investigation to guide people in restricting society towards improvement.

>Development of Sociology in the PHILIPPINES

The following educators and sociologists who contributed to the development of sociology in the Philippines. 1.Fr. Valentin Martin -he initiated the teaching of Sociology as a separate discipline at the University of Santo Tomas(UST). 2.UP President Murray Barlett and Professor A.E.W.Salt -they initiated in 1911 the first organized course in Sociology at the University of the Philippines . 3.Dean Conrado Benitez -he was the first Filipino to teach Sociology at the University of the Philippines. 4.Serafin Macaraig -he was the first Filipino to obtain a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin in 1920. -he introduced social problems in the teaching of Sociology at the University of the Philippines in 1930. 5.Clyde Heflin -he introduced Sociology at the Siliman University in 1919. 6.Filipe Gamboa -he taught Sociology at the Philippine Women’s University 7.Fr. Frank Lynch,SJ -he headed the Institute of Philippine Culture and published articles on the Philippine society and culture. 8.Gelia Castillo -she was a Professor in Sociology who integrated empirical studies into development problem areas where policy makers, researchers, teachers, and students could concentrate their efforts....