Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) System Disorder PDF

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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE:

System Disorder

Espinosa ST UDENT NAME Catherine _____________________________________ Diabetic Ketoacidosis DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS __________________________________________________________

Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) -Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose -Deficient Knowledge -Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume

48 REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________

Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem DKA is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin. When insulin is insufficient, glucose cannot properly be used for energy. The body compensates by breaking fat stores as a secondary source of fuel. Ketones are the acidic by-products of fat metabolism. Ketosis alters pH balance causing metabolic acidosis to develop.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention -Managing diabetes through exercise and eating fruits and vegetables

ASSESSMENT

Risk Factors -Type 1 diabetes -Inadequate insulin dosage

Laboratory Tests -Blood glucose -CBC -pH -ketones -electrolytes -BUN -Urinalysis

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

Expected Findings -Hyperglycemia -Kussmaul respirations -Fruity scented breath -Dehydration -Tachycardia -Orthostatic hypotension -Lethargy and weakness -Abdominal pain accompanied by N&V

Diagnostic Procedures -History and physical exam -Chest X Ray

-Administration of IV fluids -IV administration of short-acting insulin -Electrolyte replacement -Assessment of mental status -I&O -ECG monitoring

Therapeutic Procedures -Insulin therapy -Electrolyte replacement -Fluid replacement

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

-Establish IV access with large bore catheter -Identify hx of diabetes, time of last food, and time and amount of last insulin injection

-ECG

PATIENT-CENTERED CARE

Nursing Care

-Ensure patent airway

Complications Medications Rapid acting insulin (e.g. insulin lispro) Electrolyte supplements (e.g. Potassium) Alkalinizing agents (e.g. sodium bicarbonate)

Client Education -Monitor blood sugar level -Adjust insulin dosage as needed according to HCP's prescription -Check ketone level through OTC urine ketones kit

Interprofessional Care -Critical care doctor -Endocrinologist -PCP

-Hypoglycemia -Hypokalemia -Cerebral edema...