Digestion (10) quiz PDF

Preview

Summary

Questions, answers and some definitions of key terms on digestion....

Description

Digestion - Tenth post lecture quiz 1) Which of the following is an organ of the alimentary canal? A) pancreas B) esophagus C) spleen D) liver ANS: B) esophagus Alimentary canal: the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion. 2) The sympathetic nervous system: A) increases digestive processes. B) has no effect on digestive processes. C) inhibits digestive processes. D) increases chemical digestive processes, but decreases mechanical digestive processes ANS: C) inhibits digestive processes. 3) From deep (innermost) to superficial (outermost), the layers of the organs of the alimentary canal are: 1. mucosa 2. muscularis externa 3. serosa (adventitia) 4. submucosa A) 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 3, 2, 4, 1 C) 1, 2, 4, 3 D) 1, 4, 3, 2 ANS: A) 1, 4, 2, 3. 4) Jerry had an ulcer affecting the innermost epithelium of the stomach facing the lumen. Which layer of the alimentary canal was ulcerated? A) mucosa

B) muscularis externa C) serosa (adventitia) D) submucosa ANS: A) mucosa. 5) A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would: A) increase the motility of muscularis externa. B) decrease the motility of muscularis externa. C) increase gastric secretion. D) decrease gastric secretion. ANS: B) decrease the motility of muscularis externa. Myenteric plexus: the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility.

6) Rolita had the mumps as a child and experienced swelling in the parotid glands. What do these glands secrete? A) tears B) sweat C) oil D) saliva ANS: D) saliva. 7) Which nervous system primarily controls and increases salivation? A) submucosal nervous system B) enteric nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system ANS: D) parasympathetic nervous system. 8) Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's white blood cells attack and destroy exocrine glands, specifically the salivary glands. What could a patient with this syndrome expect? A) increased risk of dental cavities, or caries B) impaction of the wisdom teeth

C) increased saliva production D) increased production of salivary amylase ANS: A) increased risk of dental cavities, or caries. 9) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: A) stomach. B) mouth. C) small intestine. D) esophagus. ANS: B) mouth. 10) What controls the passage of chyme from the last region of the stomach to the duodenum region of the small intestine? A) ileocecal valve B) lower esophageal sphincter C) gastroesophageal sphincter D) pyloric sphincter ANS: pyloric sphincter. Bolus is the food that is mashed up in your mouth. After it is digested in the stomach, the food is called chyme. Bolus is more alkaline than chyme because it is exposed to alkaline saliva. Teeth and saliva turn food into bolus. It is then swallowed and passes through the esophagus into the stomach. Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. (The other parts are the jejunum and the ileum.) Digestion continues in the duodenum once the chyme enters from the stomach. The stomach acid is neutralised in the duodenum because of its alkaline environment.

11) What is released by the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands? A) gastrin B) pepsinogen C) hydrochloric acid (HCl) D) intrinsic factor ANS: A) gastrin.

12) Chief cells release: A) intrinsic factor. B) mucus. C) pepsinogen. D) gastrin. ANS: C) pepsinogen.

13) Which cells release hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach? A) parietal cells B) chief cells C) enteroendocrine cells D) mucous neck cells ANS: A) parietal cells.

14) The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form, pepsin, requires: A) alkaline mucus. B) vitamin B12. C) an acidic pH. D) intrinsic factor. ANS: C) an acidic pH.

Pepsin: digestive enzyme in the stomach, breaks down proteins into polypeptides. 15) What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex? A) The enterogastric reflex stimulates hydrogen ion release. B) The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach. C) The enterogastric reflex stimulates intestinal gastrin release. D) The enterogastric reflex stimulates histamine secretion. ANS: B) The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach. Enterogastric reflex: A nervous reflex whereby stretching of the wall of the duodenum results in inhibition of gastric motility and reduced rate of emptying of

the stomach. It is a feedback mechanism to regulate the rate at which partially digested food (chyme) leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

16) What does the gastric pacemaker regulate? A) protein digestion by the stomach B) acid production by the stomach C) hormone secretion by the stomach D) churning and peristalsis of the stomach ANS: D) churning and peristalsis of the stomach. Peristalsis: a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. 17) Which of the following encourages gastric emptying? A) high degree of stretch in the duodenum wall B) low pH entering the duodenum C) low lipid composition in chyme entering the duodenum D) high solute concentration in chyme entering the duodenum ANS: C) low lipid composition in chyme entering the duodenum. 18) What is the final segment of the small intestine? A) pylorus B) ileum C) jejunum D) duodenum ANS: B) ileum. 19) Which nervous system controls the migrating motor complex of the small intestine? A) central nervous system B) enteric nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system ANS: B) enteric nervous system.

20) Which of the following does NOT increase surface area in the small intestine? A) rugae B) microvilli C) circular folds D) villi ANS:A) rugae. 21) Which modification of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination? A) microvilli B) villi C) circular folds D) plicae circulares ANS: A) microvilli. 22) Which hormone stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes? A) glucagon B) insulin C) secretin D) cholecystokinin (CCK) ANS: D) cholecystokinin (CCK). Acinar cells: the exocrine (exo=outward) cells of the pancreas that produce and transport enzymes that are passed into the duodenum where they assist in the digestion of food 23) What is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum? A) secretin B) cholecystokinin (CCK) C) bile D) pancreatic juice ANS: C) bile

Bile (or gall): is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced in the liver, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile) and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. 24) The removal of the gallbladder will affect: A) bile storage. B) bile production. C) carbohydrate digestion. D) motility of the stomach. ANS: A) bile storage. 25) What enzyme catalyzes reactions that initiate carbohydrate digestion? A) pepsin B) salivary amylase C) trypsin D) pancreatic amylase ANS: B) salivary amylase. 26) Ben had most of his stomach removed in an attempt for drastic weight loss. He is at the greatest risk for: A) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). B) pernicious anemia. C) dehydration. D) lactose intolerance. ANS: B) pernicious anemia. 27) Which organ functions to absorb significant quantities of water, electrolytes, and vitamins? A) small intestine B) stomach C) large intestine D) spleen ANS: C) large intestine

28) Emulsification requires: A) bile salts. B) enzymes. C) nuclease. D) bile pigments. ANS: A) bile salts....