DISS-Module 4 Q2 - Discipline and Ideas in the social science Social Science-Module 1 quarter 1 PDF

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Quarter 2 – Module 12: Key Concepts and Approaches in Social Sciences

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 12: Key Concepts and Approaches in Social Sciences First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis - Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer:

Jenny Mae P. Sojor

Editors:

Maria Reina Mae M. Ablir and Maria Eula Pauline A. Elumir

Reviewer:

Divina May S. Medez

Illustrator: Layout Artist:

Richie C. Naingue

Management Team:

Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V

Rosela R. Abiera

Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

Maricel S. Rasid

Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D

Elmar L. Cabrera

Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D. .

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental Office Address: Tele #: E-mail Address:

Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 [email protected]

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Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Quarter 2 – Module 12: Key Concepts and Approaches in Social Sciences

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INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE For the facilitator: Welcome to Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Key Concepts and Approaches in Social Sciences! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Not es t o t h e Teach er This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner: Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Key Concepts and Approaches in Social Sciences! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New

What is It

What’s More

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

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Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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How do you use this Module?

In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each learning outcome. To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following: 1. Begin by reading and understanding the Most Essential Learning Competencies and Learning Objectives. These will tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of every lesson. 2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pre-test then check your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 100% correct in the preassessment, skip the lesson. This means that you need not to go through the Lesson because you already know what it is all about but if not and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson. 3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with mini lessons. The minilesson contains important notes or basic information that you need to know. After reading and understanding the mini-lesson, test yourself on how much you learned by answering the varied activities. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate to go back to the lesson when you do not get all test items correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information. 4. It is not enough that you acquire content or information. You must be able to demonstrate what you learned by doing the activity in “What I Can Do”. In other words, you must be able to apply what you have learned in real life. 5. To test how well you performed, accomplish the scoring rubrics. 6. Finally, answer the Post Assessment to test and measure the learnings you have acquired in the lesson. Each Lesson also provides you with glossary and references for your guide. Enjoy and happy learning!

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What I Need to Know

Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas: a. Feminist Theory b. Hermeneutical Phenomenology c. Human-Environment Systems

MODULE

Key Concept s and Approaches in Social Sciences

In the previous module, you have learned about the first set of the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas, namely: Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice and Institutionalism and its importance in examining socio-cultural, economic and political conditions. In this module, you will learn another set of the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas which is the Feminist Theory, Hermeneutical Phenomenology and Human-Environment Systems.

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Key Concept s and Approaches in Social Sciences

Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of the key concepts and approaches in Social Sciences. Performance Standard The learners shall be able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the approach

Learning Competency

MELCS - DISS (Week 11-12)

Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas: a. Feminist Theory b. Hermeneutical Phenomenology c. Human-Environment Systems Learning Objectives At the end of the module you should be able to: Knowledge: Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Skills: Compare and contrast the three approaches. Attitude: Assess personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in social sciences.

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What I Know I.

Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook. 1. It is the study of gender and its relation to power. A. Feminism B. Hermeneutical C. Human-Environment D. Sikolohiyang Pilipino 2.

A method of interpreting human experiences as a means to understand the question of what it is to be human. A. Rational Choice B. Hermeneutical C. Institutionalism D. Psychoanalysis

3. An approach that refers to the study of the complex interactions among human and environment systems. A. Human or Environment B. Human/Environment C. Human and Environment D. Human-Environment 4. A social belief that supports gender inequality A. Gender sensitive B. Gender inequality C. Gender ideology D. Gender biased 5. Refers to the development of meaning or association with a given location. A. Mental Map B. Sense of Place C. Primary Landscape D. Spatial Distribution II.

True or False. Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is false. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 6. The human-environment systems theory is criticized because of its deterministic approach in understanding social phenomena. 7. Critics of meninism see feminism as an attempt to make women’s rights and power more than or in supervision of men. 8. The primary criticism against phenomenology is that it lacks the application of the scientific method. 9. Environment systems are the various institutions and activities humans created in society. 10. Primary landscape is the underlying structure responsible for the spatial distribution of things. 4

What’s In The basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas are Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice and Institutionalism. The field of psychoanalysis has been heavily influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud. As part of the social sciences, Psychoanalysis provides an alternative lens in understanding the complexity of human behavior through the context of personality, consciousness, and ideology. Rational choice Theory banks on the key idea that humans are actively calculating the pros and cons of a particular choice, which affects the type of behaviors that they exhibit. These choices are often determined by an individual’s preferences and the extent by which he or she perceives them as immediate needs or wants. The theory of Institutionalism allows for a discourse on how institutions affect the decision of humans within the frame of a society. Today, this theory finds its relevance in creating opportunities for growth and development among institutions whether in the macro or micro context.

What’s New Task 1: Guess Who? Directions: Study the pictures below and identify the women who became famous in their own field of endeavor. Write their names and their advocacy/ field of endeavor in your activity notebook.

https://www.biography.com/.i mage/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill%2Ccs_sr gb%2Cg_face%2Cq_auto:good %2Cw_300/MTE5NDg0MDU1 MDE2MDgwOTEx/angelinajolie-9356782-1-402.jpg

https://www.montclaircatholics.o rg/wpcontent/uploads/2017/08/0009c 50a56ce709d50167d0726947072 -kind-peoples-santa-teresa.jpg

https://www.officialgazett e.gov.ph/images/uploads/ Corazon-Aquino-FS.jpg

https://mk0volleyverse2tfgi e.kinstacdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/a lyssa-valdezwpcf_200x200.jpg

1.____ 1.___________ _______ __________ ___ 2. _________ _______ _______________ ________ _________ _ 3._____ 3.____________ _______ ___________ ____ 4. _______ ____________ _____

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What is It

Feminist Theory

Feminism studies gender and its relation to power, and the dynamics these two concepts play out in economics, politics, sexuality, race, and nationality, among others. It is both a sociological perspective and a philosophy which aims to promote gender equality, social justice, and women’s rights. However, the primary concern that feminism tries to address is the oppression of women in society and the patriarchal structure of most societies. Patriarchy, in its most basic sense, is a social organization wherein the father or eldest male heads a society or government. To illustrate this, one only has to look at the traditional Filipino family structure or of most societies for that matter. The head of the family is the father, and the mother is subordinate to the decisions of the father. In labor and economics, for example, the father goes to his job every day while the mother is left at home to take care of the children. In the past, women did find the opportunity to leave the house and gain employment but the jobs offered to them were limited to being a secretary or nurse. This is but one struggle that feminism undertook in its advocacy for women. Feminism developed in three waves. Each movement addressed a particular issue, which women struggled with at that time, and these are as follows: 1. The first wave of feminism took place during the 19th and 20th centuries, which challenged the legal issues concerning women. Women at that time surrendered their properties to their husbands, were not allowed to hold public office, and were not given the rights to suffrage. It was only in the 1920s that women first voted in America. Women also advocated their right to choose their own profession. When World War I went in full swing, men were sent to battlefields leaving women to take on factory jobs. This development showed that women were productive as men in the workforce. 2. The second wave of feminism began during 1960s up to the 1990s and was born out of the civil rights’ movement. The primary issues that this movement tried to address was of sexual equality and reproductive rights. This movement saw “feminine” objects such as bras, lipsticks, and high heels as forms of male oppression and an objectification of women. 3. The third wave of feminism began in the late 1980s and continues until today. Feminists from the third wave do not consider “feminine” objects as artifacts of 6

male oppression, but as tools to enrich their femininity. This advocacy rules the blame-the-victim practice in which sexually harassed women are treated as sex objects and are actually blamed because of what they wear and because they put on makeup. Key Concepts in Feminism Gender Ideology Gender ideology is a social belief that supports gender inequality. It is a social divide that establishes perceived roles for men and women, and relegating them to specific roles. Some gender ideologies include women staying at home while men go to work, and women being more delicate, emotional, and nurturing compared to men who are more aggressive, assertive, and dominant. Gender inequality is the actualization or realization of gender ideology. There is gender inequality when the perceived role of women subordination to men reflects hiring procedures and requirements; for example, a secretarial post accepting only female applicants. Salaries are also unequal when it comes to men and women. For instance, a research on gender pay gap revealed that women in the U.S. receive less than men even if they have the same position and title. Gender ideology is also actualized in how toys are determined for children. Typically, action figures are supposed to be played by boys and dolls are to be played by girls. A boy playing with a doll is ridiculed as being gay, while a girl playing action figures is teased as a lesbian. It is evident that at this early stage of development, children’s perception of gender roles is already being established and affirmed. The gender ideology in children’s play evolves in adulthood as gender bias and prejudices, which further support inequality. Criticisms and Limitations During the first wave of feminism, anti-feminism was already present, which opposed the granting of women’s right to vote, hold to public office, and attain higher education. Anti-feminism also argued that traditional values, beliefs, and established religious norms be upheld, and that divorce is considered taboo. Feminists claim that history has provided the roles by which society has come about and that should be the way it is. Women are to be relegated to their homes while their husbands go to earn for the family. Other critics of feminism are feminists themselves, who see feminism as an attempt to make women’s rights and power more than or in supervision of men. Yet, they argue that feminism must advocate for equality and not create a new form of oppression.

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ESSENTIAL LEARNING As the capacity of humans to reason and make sense of their world became complex, we were able to look closely at issues that are often seen as non-issues merely because they have been practiced traditionally. The issue of gender equality is one of these neglected issues that have been finally addressed by scholars and activists alike. Today, women and other sectors of society who are prey to the dissociating and selective systems instituted by powerful classes are still fighting for their rights, which allows the rebirth of a new form of feminist movement.

Hermeneutical Phenomenology Hermeneutical phenomenology is a philosophy of and a method for interpreting human experiences as a means to understand the question of what it is to be human. This philosophy was developed by Martin Heidegger (1889 –1976) as a continuation and divergence from phenomenology, the philosophy developed by his mentor and colleague, Edmund Husserl (1859 –1938). Hermeneutical Phenomenology is sometimes referred to as interpretative phenomenology or existential phenomenology, while the phenomenology developed by Husserl is sometimes referred to as descriptive phenomenology or pure phenomenology. In order to understand the fundamental similarities and differences of both ideas, let us first examine Husserl’s phenomenology. Phenomenology, as developed by Husserl is an inquiry on how the human mind can grasp the nature of thin...