DLD LAB 1 - Lab manual PDF

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Summary

Lab manual...

Description

Introduction to Lab equipment such as Trainer boards, Digital ICs and Simulation of digital logic design circuits and making PCB on hardware from PCB layout. 1

Objectives 1. Basic introduction of digital trainer board. 2. Basic introduction of digital ICs. 3. Basic introduction of proteus. 4. Basic introduction of PCB.

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Equipment 1. Digital trainer board. 2. Proteus(software). 3. PCB (Printed Circuit Board). 4. Digital IC’s.

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Introduction

Digital logic design is a system mainly in electrical engineering that uses simple number values to produce input and output operations. A digital design engineer is capable of assisting in developing cell phones, computers, and related personal electronic devices. This system facilitates the design of electronic circuits that convey information, including logic gates. System protocols, navigation systems and other high-tech systems all are based on the basic phenomenon of DLD.

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Introduction of digital trainer:

Digital trainer is a device used by engineering students in order to familiarize with the usage and functioning of digital logics. Logic trainer is used to enhance the skills of students in logic designing. Logic trainer is a versatile and easy to use equipment for the rapid construction of digital logics. It also provides facilities for digital, analogue and hybrid circuits to be assembled quickly at very low costs, which make it an ideal device for teaching digital systems. In a digital trainer there are 5 important circuits such as pulsar, encoder, decoder, logic gates and op amp.

Figure 1: The outlook of a digital trainer.

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Procedure:

1. First of all, insert all the components at their exact positions. 2. Then add the connections using jumper wire, add the ground terminal and Vcc. 3. Now turn on the power of generator and verify your results.

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Introduction of Proteus (Software):

The Proteus Design Suite is a software used mainly for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards. Proteus

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is best simulation software for various designs with microcontroller, after simulating your circuit in proteus software you can directly make PCB design.

Figure 2: A basic circuit implemented on Proteus Software.

Figure 3: Circuit patched in proteus software.

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Procedure:

1. Open the software and select new project from the menu. 2. Select the components required in the circuit from the search box. 3. Click the specific component, it will be added in your list. 4. To add the component double click it and bring it in it’s exact position. 5. Now make connections using wires as required.

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Introduction of PCB:

Printed circuit board can shortly called as PCB. It is a non conductive substrate that mechanically supports and electrically connects the electronic components using tracks, pads and other features etched on a laminated copper sheet. They are used

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as base in most electronics. Following are the steps involved in PCB designing: 1. Part research and selection. 2. Schematic capture and simulation. 3. Board layout. 4. Fabrication.

Figure 4: This diagram shows a PCB on which a circuit is etched.

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Procedure:

1. To design a PCB, we should have a blank board on which we could do etching. 2. Make the simulation of circuit which you imprint on the board on proteus software. 3. Print the circuit on sticker sheet or photo paper. 4. Place the paper on board and press it properly for 10-15 mins. After this step the circuit will be imprinted on board. 5. Place the board in a solution of ferric chloride to remove toner from the board.

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7400 and 4000 IC’s:

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Difference between 7400 and 4000 IC’s:

1. The main difference between these IC’s is that 7400 series is based on TTL logic while 4000 series are based upon CMOS logic. 2. Both the series of IC’s have different pin configurations. 3. 7400 series is more power efficient as compared to 4000, for this purpose they are used in electronic devices such as laptops etc. 4. Both these IC’s have different electrical characteristics, voltage ratings, frequeny capabilities, temperature ranges, device function, package. 5. Newer 74 HCxx high speed CMOS ICs work with a supply from 2.0V to 6.0V, while 40xx series work with the supply varying from 3.0V to 18V.

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Figure 5: Some common 4000 and 7400 series digital IC,s

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