Dulaw or Turmeric - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Dulaw or Turmeric - Lecture notes 1 for grade 8 students...

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Tur mer i c( di l aw,dul aw,duaw) TURMERI C Beng: Tam:

Hol and, Guj : Mauj al ,

Hal dhar , Mar :

Hi nd:

Hal di , Hal d,

Kan: Anashi na, Mad. . Tel : Passupu

Tur mer i ci saper enni al her b.Thedr i edunder gr oundr hi z omesar et hec ommonl yuseds pi cebot hf or cooki ngaswel lasmedi ci nalpur pos es.I ti sanat i v eofSout hEas tAsi aandhasbeengr ow i nI ndi a f r om anc i entt i mes .Gr adual l yi twast r anspor t edt oChi na,t heEastI ndi esandacr os st hePac i fic . Now i t i s wel l know al l ov er t he wor l d. Tur mer i ccont ai nsCal ci um,Phosphor ous ,Car ot ene,Thi ami neandNi aci n.Tur mer i ci sapower f ul v i t al i z i ngagentoft heent i r egas t r oi nt es t i nalt r act( f r om t hemout ht ot heanus,s t r engt heni ngand enr i chi ng t he mucous membr anes oft he s t omach and i nt es t i nes .I ti sr egul ar l y used by t he Ay ur v edi c ,Si ddha and Unanis ys t ems ofmedi c i ne as one oft he bes tbl ood pur i fier s and an ant i s ept i c,bot hi nt er nal l yandex t er nal l y .I ti sapower f ulemol l i ent ,heal i ngul cerofmout h,s t omach, duodenum andt hei nt es t i nes .I tpr ev ent sandheal ssept i cc ondi t i ons ,pusf or mat i onandpar as i t i c i nv asi ons . Regul ari nt ak e ofTur mer i c wi t h pepperpowderi n mi l k woks as a power f ulex pec t or anti n al l r espi r at or ypr obl ems ,es pec i al l yi nbr onchi alast hmaandTBoft hel ungs .Tur mer i ci soneoft hefiv e i mpor t antspi ces/her bswhi chIr ec ommendf orpeopl es uffer i ngf r om cancer ,t heot herf ourbei ng gar l i c , oni ons , f enugr eec k and cur r y l eav es. Boi lagl as sofmi l kwi t hhal fat easpoonoft ur mer i cpowderandfiv eflak esofgar l i c.Youc oul dadd honeyt ot as t eandcons umei taf t erdi nner ,ar oundbedt i me.Thi si sagoodpr ophy l ac t i cf orcanc er andt hecancer ousdi at hes i s ,al sof ort hosewhoar eundert r eat mentf orcancer ,bec aus et hi shel ps t o ar r es tt hepr ogr es sofcancer ousgr owt hsandt er mi nalpat i ent soft hi sdi seas ewi l ll i v emuc h l ongerandwi t hl es ssuffer i ng.Gi v et hi spr epar at i onr egul ar l yf orc anc eroft hest omac h,col onand r ect um,andf orl euk emi a.Thes amepr epar at i oni sal s ogoodf orTB oft hel ungs ,bonesands pi ce andal so i ncaseswher et hebonesdonotf useaf t erf r act ur e.AsSymphy t um i saHomeopat hi c ‘ bonekni t ’ , s o i s Tur mer i c a Her bal ‘ bonek ni t ’ . Forchi l dr en,mi xaf ew dr opsofhoneyi nt ow pi nchesoft ur mer i cpowderandgi v ei tt ot hem t ol i ck. Thi si sgoodf ort hr us h,s t omat i t us,col ds ,coughs ,phl egm ac cumul at i oni nt hebr onchi alpass ages . The‘ t ur mer i c,gar l i candhoneyi nmi l k’dr i nki sane x cel l entt oni candt r eat mentdur i ngandaf t er t yphoi df ev er ,meas l esandchi c k enpox .

Love curry? You should because it contains turmeric, locally known as luyang dilaw, that has many health benefits. 1) Has anti-inflammatory action, support liver health and contain lots of antioxidant according to Jonny Bowden

2) A potent tonic according to Phyllis A. Balch. 3) Has the ability to kill tumor cells according to study of Jayaraj Ravindran, Sahdeo Prasad and Bharat B. Aggarwal 4) Carminative – medication that prevents the formation of gas in the alimentary tract or eases its passing 5) Stimulant – drug that temporarily quickens some vital process. 6) Emmenagogue – promotes menstrual discharge. 7) Cordial – strong highly flavored sweet liquor usually drunk after a meal. Drink for its warming effect. 8) Juice of fresh rhizome can be applied to wounds, bruises and leech-bites. 9) Turmeric and gingelly prevents skin eruptions 10) Hot luyang dilaw with lime and saltpeter can cure sprain and bruises. 11) Turmeric powder can facilitate the scabbing of smallpox and chickenpox. 12) Flowers are used to eliminate ringworms and other parasitic diseases. 13) The decoction can cure purulent conjunctivitis.

14) One to 20 parts decoction (turmeric to water) can be applied to catarrhal and purulent ophthalmia. Apply externally by means of clean cloth piece. 15) Turmeric ointment is used to relieved neuralgia and rheumatism 16) Rhizomes with coconut oil can be used to cure stomach disorders and vulnerary. 17) Anthelmintic – capable of causing the evacuation of parasitic intestinal worms 18) Fever cure. 19) Fumes of burning luyang dilaw can cure catarrh or severe head colds. In our locality, the turmeric plant is rare. Farmers are weeding out this plant because the plant is very similar to a persistent weed, barak. Their rhizomes are also similar. The only difference is the inside color of flesh. Barak has white flesh while luyang dilaw has yellow. Turmeric is widely use as natural food coloring and a spice. Commonly available as powder preparation.

Health Benefits of Turmeric (Luyang Dilaw) While commonly used medicinally for decades, turmeric as an herbal medicine caught the attention of the modern world only recently. Scientists have only begun revealing the exact health benefits of this plant. Research and history shows how turmeric can be utilized to help treat or prevent many of the most common and serious health conditions. Here are some of the top health benefits of turmeric: -Possibly one of the most impressive of the top health benefits of turmeric, research has repeatedly shown that turmeric is a powerful cancer fighter. Curcumin is a naturally powerful anticancer compound found in turmeric that has been shown to decrease brain tumor size in animals by 81 percent in more than 9 studies. Researchers at UCLA (Link: http://tinyurl.com/bxlv2ok) have even found that curcumin is able to block cancer growth. -Further adding on to turmeric’s cancer-fighting abilities, the spice has also been shown to help prevent breast cancer ( Link: http://tinyurl.com/b9boos2). Curcumin has been found to possess properties that reduce the expression of deadly molecules within

cancer cells, and can potentially slow the spread of breast cancer. -Turmeric can be used to naturally detoxify the liver. -The spice is a natural painkiller. -Research is beginning to show that turmeric may be effective at protecting against neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Epidemiological studies show that levels of neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s are very low in elderly Indian populations, where turmeric is a common spice. -May be beneficial in treating psoriasis. -Patients with myeloma could possibly be treated with turmeric in the near future. -More studies are currently being performed to reveal other health benefits of turmeric. Whether you use it as a supplement or to spice up your favorite dishes, turmeric will assist in keeping you healthy. As studies progress, turmeric is expected to be a key ingredient in the prevention and treatment of many of today’s diseases.

“Since curcumin is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipophilic action improves the

cognitive functions in patients with AD. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress, free radicals, beta amyloid, cerebral deregulation caused by bio-metal toxicity and abnormal inflammatory reactions contribute to the key event in Alzheimer’s disease pathology,” says a study on PubM. (Link:http://tinyurl.com/ayyza23 ) Turmeric and curcumin have been highlighted as powerful anti-cancer substances in the past, but research has now shed even more light on the amazing ability of both turmeric and curcumin to actually block cancer growth. This is due to the unique ability of a main component in turmeric that is actually able to block an enzyme that promotes the spread of head and neck cancer. Researchers at UCLA (Link: http://tinyurl.com/bcvtgtd) found that curcumin — the primary component in turmeric also responsible for its color — exhibited these cancerblocking properties during a study involving 21 participants suffering from head and neck cancers. The subjects were given two chewable curcumin tablets containing 1,000 milligrams of the substance each. After administering the chewable curcumin tablets, an independent lab in Maryland was in charge of evaluating the results.

Turmeric and Cholesterol Turmeric is a spice related to ginger. It is notable for its curcumin content. Curcumin is a food additive that impacts a deep orange-yellow color to foods. Besides its culinary uses, turmeric is also a potent, well-studied herb with numerous proven medicinal uses. Studies have shown that turmeric can lower blood cholesterol. How does turmeric and curcumin affect cholesterol levels and how can you use the spice to treat hypercholesterolemia? Read on to find out. by Brad Chase Pin it

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In This Article 1 What is Turmeric? 2 Health Benefits of Turmeric 3 Studies on Turmeric and Cholesterol 3.1 Can Turmeric Lower Blood Cholesterol?

3.2 Curcumin, Bile Acids and Cholesterol 3.3 Curcumin and Hepatic Metabolism of Cholesterol 3.4 Curcumin and LDL Receptors 3.5 Effect of Cooking on the Cholesterol-lowering Benefit of Turmeric 3.6 Cardiovascular Benefits of Turmeric Supplementation

What is Turmeric? Turmeric or Curcuma longa belongs in the ginger family. It is perennial plant native to South Asia and known for its rhizome which has a long history in food preparation and traditional medicine. Although fresh rhizome is the most common form in which turmeric is used as food and medicine, turmeric powder is also used as dye and food coloring because of its deep orangeyellow color. The culinary uses of turmeric extend beyond simply serving as a food additive to impact its bright orange-yellow color, it also serves as a spice in curries and as condiment. The most popular bioactive compound in turmeric is curcumin. This is the compound responsible for the bright color of the herb and as a food additive, it is known as E100. Curcumin is also responsible for most of the medicinal properties of turmeric. Major Constituents of Turmeric

    

Curcuminoids such as curcumin and desmethoxycurcumin Essential oils such as cineole, termerone and cymene Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber Minerals such as manganese, iron, potassium, copper, zinc and magnesium Vitamins B3, B6, C, E and K

Turmeric has been used for centuries in both Ayurveda and Chinese traditional systems of medicine. This spice is used as a herbal remedy in the treatment of colic, jaundice, hemorrhage, toothache, chest pain and blood urine.

Health Benefits of Turmeric Research into the therapeutic properties of the phytochemicals in turmeric has been growing in recent years. As at 2012, over 70 clinical trials have been registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health investigating the health benefits of curcumin and turmeric.

These new studies show that the phytochemicals in turmeric have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Turmeric also has antibacterial and antiviral activities. These medicinal properties have been shown to be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, one of the major areas of turmeric research involves the usefulness of the herb in the prevention and treatment of certain cancers. Preliminary studies indicate that turmeric can reduce the risks of prostate, breast, colon and lung cancers. In addition, turmeric has been shown to be useful in the management of Alzheimer’s disease. Curcumin readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and it can speed up the clearance of amyloid protein plaques. In addition to these health benefits, studies also show that turmeric is useful for detoxifying the body. To do this, turmeric improves the expression of at least 2 important liver enzymes. However, the effects of turmeric on the liver extends beyond mere detoxification. Turmeric increases the population of receptors for LDL (low-density lipoprotein or “bad”) cholesterol in the liver. This effect directly increases the breakdown of LDL cholesterol and the reduction of blood cholesterol levels. In addition, the antioxidant effect of turmeric inhibits lipid peroxidation and prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol. This is important for cardiovascular health because oxidized LDL cholesterol is responsible for the clogging and thickening of the arteries. Lastly, turmeric can also improve cardiovascular health by its anti-platelet action. By preventing platelets from sticking together, turmeric prevents blood clot formation and can, therefore, reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Studies on Turmeric and Cholesterol Most of the studies investigating the effects of turmeric or curcumin on cholesterol levels involve animal models. There are still very few studies done to determine whether the positive results seen in animal studies extend to humans.

Can Turmeric Lower Blood Cholesterol? A 1996 study published in the Indian Journal of Pharmacology detailed the hypolipidemic effects of turmeric extract in mice fed on high-cholesterol diet. The researchers fed the mice on this diet for 60 days and observed that serum and liver cholesterol levels were significantly increased by the 15th day of the study. This increase continued as the mice continued on the high-cholesterol diet.

After giving these mice 5% turmeric extract, the researchers observed significant reduction in serum and liver cholesterol levels as well as triglyceride levels. Giving the mice 10% turmeric extract lowered the cholesterol and triglyceride levels to normal values. This study proves that turmeric can indeed lower blood cholesterol levels at least in mice. In addition, it also shows that the hypocholesterolemic effect of turmeric is dose-dependent. A 2008 study published in the Journal of Bangladesh Pharmacological Society also demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering benefits of turmeric. For the study, the researchers fed 20 male guinea pigs on free-range diet for 30 days before separating them into 4 groups. The first group received no supplementation while the other 3 groups were given turmeric, garlic and turmeric plus garlic. The results of the study showed that both turmeric and garlic (whether used alone or in combination) lowered blood cholesterol levels. This study not only demonstrated the hypocholesterolemic benefits of turmeric but also indicated that garlic can be safely added to turmeric to improve this lipid-lowering property.

Curcumin, Bile Acids and Cholesterol In a 2005 study published in Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, a group of researchers investigated the hypolipidemic and antioxidant benefits of curcumin in rats. The researchers induced hypercholesterolemia in the rats by feeding them high-cholesterol diet for 7 days. Thereafter, they added 0.5% curcumin to the animals’ diet. The study result showed that curcumin   

Reduced serum total cholesterol by 21% Reduced serum LDL cholesterol by 42.5% Increased serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein or “good”) cholesterol by 50%

The researchers confirmed that curcumin is the turmeric phytochemical responsible for reducing cholesterol levels. In addition, they determined that curcumin reduced lipid levels by interfering with the absorption, metabolism and excretion of cholesterol rather than by antioxidant mechanisms. A much earlier study published in the Journal of Nutrition in 1970 reached similar conclusions. In that study, the researchers demonstrated that curcumin lowered serum and liver cholesterol by 33% - 50% in a group of rats induced with hypercholesterolemia.

The researchers determined that the cholesterol-lowering effect of curcumin was caused by the increased fecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol.

Curcumin and Hepatic Metabolism of Cholesterol In another study done on rats, the researchers identified another mechanism by which curcumin reduces cholesterol levels. This study was published in the journal, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, in 1997. After inducing diabetes in the rats with the drug, streptozotocin, the researchers divided them into 2 groups. The first group was placed on a high-cholesterol diet while the second group received a control diet. Both groups were given 0.5% curcumin. The results showed that the levels of LDL cholesterol and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol fell significantly with curcumin supplementation. In addition, curcumin lowered triglyceride and phospholipid levels. The cholesterol-lowering effect was higher among the rats fed on high-cholesterol diet than those fed on the control diet. To determine how curcumin lowers blood cholesterol, the researchers measured the activities of 2 liver enzymes: HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase. They found that the activity of the second enzyme was raised in the livers of the rats fed curcumin. Therefore, this study shows that one of the mechanisms by which curcumin lowers cholesterol levels is by increasing the breakdown of cholesterol in the liver.

Curcumin and LDL Receptors A 2006 study published in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry investigated the effects of curcumin on human liver cell line. This in vitro study was designed to closely investigate the mechanisms by which curcumin reduced cholesterol levels. The researchers demonstrated that the effect of curcumin on cholesterol metabolism extends deep to the genetic levels. By treating the human liver cells with curcumin, the researchers showed that the turmeric phytochemical raised LDL-receptor mRNA seven-folds. This finding shows that curcumin increases the uptake of cholesterol by the liver and its removal from the plasma. By increasing the population of LDL receptors in the liver, curcumin accelerates the breakdown of LDL cholesterol. Besides the LDL receptors, the study also showed that curcumin increases the population of other receptors, such as liver X receptor and retinoic acid receptor, involved in lipid breakdown.

The researchers also affirmed that curcumin was not toxic to liver cells and that these cholesterol-lowering mechanisms were triggered at low doses easily attained by oral turmeric supplementation.

Effect of Cooking on the Cholesterol-lowering Benefit of Turmeric A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Food Science investigated the differences between the hypocholesterolemic effects of raw and cooked turmeric and red pepper. The researchers induced hypercholesterolemia in a group of rats by feeding them a highcholesterol diet for 8 weeks. During this period, the researchers gave different groups of the experimental rats dietary and heat-processed turmeric and red pepper. This study is important because cooking heat has been shown to reduce the major phytochemicals in spices. Therefore, heat-processed turmeric contained a lower amount of curcumin than raw turmeric. There was also a significant loss of capsaicin from cooked red pepper. The results of this study showed that both raw and cooked turmeric and red pepper significantly lowered cholesterol levels. In fact, the differences between the hypocholesterolemic effects of raw and cooked forms of the spices were negligible. The results showed that turmeric (and red pepper) reduced total serum cholesterol as well as LDL cholesterol levels. In addition, the spices increased serum vitamin E concentration. The improved antioxidant protection significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver.

Cardiovascular Benefits of Turmeric Supplementation A 1999 study published in the journal, Atherosclerosis, investigated the effect of turmeric extract on lipid oxidation and atherosclerosis in a small group of rabbits. After feeding 18 rabbits with a cholesterol-rich diet for 7 weeks, the researchers divided them into 3 groups. One group received 1.66 mg/kg of turmeric extract while another group received double the dose. The rabbits in the third group were not given turmeric extract and they served as control. The study results showed that only the low dose of turmeric extract reduced the peroxidation of LDL cholesterol even though both doses of herb actually reduced the lev...