Eart and life science module 5 II PDF

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Quarter 1 – Module 5 EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

Table of Contents What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. ii How to Learn from this Module ………………………………………………………………………….ii Icons of this Module……………………………………………………………………………………….. iii What I Know……………………………………………………………………………………………….... iv

Lesson 1: Relative Dating ...........................................................................................................................1 What I Need to Know.................................................................................................. 1 What’s New: Activity 1: Find the Word..................................................................2 What Is It: Three Principles ...................................................................................... 3 What’s More: Activity 2: Match the Diagram …………………………………….3 What I Have Learned: Activity 3: Summarize Me ...............................................4 What I Can Do: Activity 4: UNCONFORMITIES 3D MODEL .......................... 5

Lesson 2: Absolute Dating.........................................................................................................................6 What I Need to Know.................................................................................................. 6 What’s New: Activity 1: VOCABULARY WORDS .............................................. 6 What Is It: Different Techniques ..............................................................................7 What’s More: Activity 2: RELATIVE VS. ABSOLUTE …………………………..7 What I Have Learned: Activity 3: SUMMARIZE ME ...........................................8 What I Can Do: Activity 4: MICROTEACHING ....................................................8

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………9 Assessment: (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………………9 Key to Answers…………………………………………………………………………………………..... 11 References………………………………………………………………………………………

What I Know Pretest Multiple Choice Direction: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer. 1. What is any evidence of ancient life called?

A. half - life

B. a fossil

C. unconformity

D. disconformity

2. Which of the following conditions makes fossil formation more likely?

A. buried slowly

B. attacked by scavengers

C. made of hard parts

D. composed of soft parts

3.

To say “the present is the key to the past “is a way to describe which of the following principles? A. Superposition B. Succession C. Radioactivity D. Uniformitarianism

4.

Which process forms new elements? A. Superposition C. Uniformitarianism

B. Permineralization D. Radioactive decay

5.

In one type of radioactive decay, which of the following breaks down, releasing an electron? A. Alpha particle B. proton C. beta particle D. neutron

6.

What is referred to as the age compared with the ages of other rocks? A. Extrusions B. Intrusions C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

7.

What do you call the number of years since the rock formed? A. Extrusions B. Intrusions C. Absolute Age D. Relative Age

8.

Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rock extend sideways in the same order? A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

9.

Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary rocks are normally laid down in order, one on the top of another? A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity C. Horizontality D. Unconformity

10. Which of the following principles explains how sedimentary rocks are laid down in flat

(horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold? A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity C. Horizontality D. Unconformit

Lesson

Relative Dating

1 What I Need to Know Geologists determine the relative ages of rocks and other structures by examining their places during a sequence. If a layer of rock is offset by a fault, which may be a break in the Earth’s surface, you recognize that the layers had to be there before a fault could cut through them.

Relative dating is used to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, in a sequence. The reading is called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata). Before the lesson proper, we will review first and get oriented with the words and terminologies commonly used in relation to Relative Dating – Ages of rocks. How do we do this? Let us Perform Activity1: Find the WORD

What’s New ? Activity 1

What Is It

There are three principles in determining the age order of a rock. The Principle of Superposition states that sedimentary rocks are normally laid down in order, one on the top of another. That In a sequence, the youngest is at the top. The Principle of Horizontality states that most sedimentary rocks laid down in flat (horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold. The Principle of Lateral Continuity states that layers of sedimentary rock extend sideways in the same order. A later event, like a river cutting, may form a gap, but you can still connect the strata. A sequence of rock may be a record of past events. Most of the rock sequences are incomplete – layers are missing. These gaps in rock sequences are unconformities. An unconformity is a gap in the rock record caused by erosion or pause in deposition. There are three major kinds of unconformities. Nonconformity, horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks overlie older igneous or metamorphic rocks. When horizontal rock layers are exposed and eroded, and new horizontal layers of rock are deposited on the eroded surface it develops disconformity. An angular unconformity develops when new horizontal layers of rock form on top of older rock layers that are folded by compression.

What’s More Activity 2 MATCH THE DIAGRAM Match each diagram with the type of unconformity it shows. Write the letter of the matching diagram in the space provided. Then describe each unconformity and how it is formed.

A

_______1. Nonconformity

B

C

______2. Angular Unconformity

_______3. Horizontal unconformity

What I Have Learned Activity 3 Summarize Me

Answer the following based on what you learned. Answer it briefly and concise.

1. Explain the concept of relative dating.

2. Differentiate the 3 principles in determining the age order of a rock. 3. How do unconformities form?

What I Can Do Activity 4 UNCONFORMITIES 3D MODEL

Objective: Create different unconformities model using recycled materials Materials Needed.: Recycled materials Procedure: Create a detailed illustration with correct labels. Rubric: 3D Model of the Different Unconformities

Content 3D Model Properly Labeled Design

Total

4

3

2

1

Exemplary

Great

Good

Fair

Total

Lesson

Absolute Dating

2 What I Need to Know Absolute dating can be achieved using historical records and through the analysis of biological and geological patterns resulting from annual climatic variations. Since 1950 the physical sciences contributed a number of historical of absolute dating techniques that have a revolutionary effect on archaeology and geology. These techniques are based upon the measurement of radioactive processes. Geologists often need to know the age of the material that they find. They use absolute dating methods, sometimes called numerical dating, to give rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of years. Before the lesson proper, we will review first and get oriented with the words and terminologies commonly used in relation Absolute Dating – Ages of rocks. How do we do this? Let us Perform Activity1: Vocabulary Words.

What’s New Activity 1 Vocabulary Words

Find the Definition of the following terms:

1. Absolute 2. Radioactive Decay 3. Radiometric dating 4. Half - life 5. Uniformitarianism

What Is It Geologists determine the absolute ages by using properties of the atoms that make up materials. Most absolute dates for rocks are obtained with radioactive minerals in rocks as geological clocks. Different elements are used for dating because they have different decay rates. The process of the breakdown is called radioactive decay. For geologists, isotopes are important in all techniques for absolute dating. Hence, different elements are used for dating because of their unique decay rates. Isotopes are atoms with chemical elements having different forms. The half – life of an isotope is the time it takes for half of the atoms in the isotope decay for example the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 while radiocarbon dating measures radioactive isotopes in once – living organic material instead of rock, using the decay of carbon to nitrogen – 14. Because of the fast decay rate of carbon – 14, it can only be used on material up to about 60 years. Most of the radiometric dating methods measure isotopes in some way. Most directly measure the number of isotopes in rocks, using a mass of spectrometer.

What’s More Activity 2 RELATIVE VS. ABSOLUTE Direction: Identify the following terms if it is relative or absolute dating. Put a check mark if it is relative or absolute.

RELATIVE 1. Radiometric 2. Half - life 3. Unconformity 4. Superposition 5. Radiocarbon 6. Beta decay

ABSOLUTE

7. Radioactive 8. Disconformity 9. Nonconformity 10. Alpha decay

What I Have Learned Activity 3 Summarize Me 1. Explain the concept of absolute dating. 2. Differentiate relative dating from absolute dating.

What I Can Do Activity 4: Microteaching Activit Objective: Conduct a microteaching on the different methods in determini ng the age of a rock. Rubric for Microteaching Criteria

Content of the lesson (topic) 50%

Confidence 30%

Attire/Physical Appearance 20%

TOTAL

• Relative dating is employed to arrange geological events, and the rocks they leave behind, during a sequence. The reading is called stratigraphy (layers of rock is called strata). Relative dating doesn't provide actual numerical dates for the rocks. • Three principles in determining the age order of a rock. 1. Principle of Superposition - the sedimentary rocks are normally laid down one on top of another. In a sequence, the youngest is at the top. 2. Principle of Horizontality - most sedimentary rocks laid down in flat (horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold. 3. Principle of Lateral Continuity - the layers of rock extend sideways within the same order. A later event, like a river cutting, may form a gap, but you can still connect the strata.

• Absolute dating can be achieved using historical records and through the analysis of biological and geological patterns resulting from annual climatic variations. It is also known as numerical dating, to offer rocks an actual date, or date range, in number of years.

Assessment: (Post-Test

Multiple Choice Direction: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1.

What is referred to as the age compared with the ages of other rocks? A. Extrusions

B. Intrusions

C. Absolute Age

D. Relative Age

SUMMARY

What do you call the number of years since the rock formed? 2.

3.

A. Extrusions

B. Intrusions

C. Absolute Age

D. Relative Age

Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rock extend sideways in the same order? A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity C. Horizontality

4.

D. Unconformity

Which of the following principles explain how sedimentary rocks are normally laid down in order, one on the top of another? A. Superposition

B. Lateral Continuity

C. Horizontality

D. Unconformity

9

5.

Which of the following principles explains how layers of sedimentary rocks are laid down in flat (horizontal) layers, although these can later tilt and fold? A. Superposition B. Lateral Continuity C. Horizontality

D. Unconformity

6. What is any evidence of ancient life called?

A. half - life

B. a fossil

C. unconformity

D. disconformity

7. Which of the following conditions makes fossil formation more likely?

8.

9.

A. buried slowly

B. attacked by scavengers

C. made of hard parts

D. composed of soft parts

To say “the present is the key to the past “is a way to describe which of the following principles? A. Superposition

B. Succession

C. Radioactivity

D. Uniformitarianism

Which process forms new elements?

A. Superposition

B. Permineralization

C. Uniformitarianism

D. Radioactive decay

10. In one type of radioactive decay, which of the following breaks down, releasing an

electron? A. Alpha particle

B. proton

C. beta particle

D. neutron

Key to Answers

Pre – Test 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

B C D D C

6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C

Lesson 2: Absolute Dating Activity 1

RELATIVE ABSOLUTE 1. Radiometric / 2. Half – life

/ 3. Unconformity

/ Activity 2

4. Superposition

/ 1. B

5. Radiocarbon

/ 6. Beta decay

2. C 3. A

/ 7. Radioactive / 8. Disconformity

/

9. Nonconformity

/

10. Alpha Decay /

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Reference

"Absolute Dating Techniques." Quizlet. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://quizlet.com/15469166/absolute-dating-techniques-flash-cards/.

"Dating Techniques." Encyclopedia.com | Free Online Encyclopedia. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-andlaw/anthropology-and-archaeology/archaeology-general/dating-techniques.

"Difference Between Absolute and Relative Dating." Pediaa.Com. Last modified June 27, 2018. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-absolute-and-relative-dating/.

"Relative and Absolute Dating - Bing Video." Bing. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Relative+and+Absolute+Dating&&vie w=detail&mid=6DC458714C420CE318E86DC458714C420CE318E8&&FORM= VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DRelative%2Band%2BAbsolute% 2BDating%26FORM%3DVDMHRS.

"Relative Dating - Bing Images." Bing. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=relative+dating&id=018FDB08AF5D 3078FDFA9B159DF4AD47C210E17C&form=IQFRBA&first=1&scenario=Image BasicHover.

"Relative Dating." Science Learning Hub. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1485-relative-dating.

"Relative Dating." Science Learning Hub. Accessed July 2, 2020. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1485-relative-dating.

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