Effect of exercise on arterial pressure and vascular resistance PDF

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Laboratory Report

LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Name: Instructor: Date:

Effect of Exercise on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Resistance DONG MAI KHANH PHAN PROFESSOR KOEPKE 10.01.2021

Predictions 1. Exercise will cause MAP to increase

2. Exercise will cause systemic vascular resistance to decrease

3. Exercise will cause CO to increase

Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable HR, SV, BP

2. Independent Variable level of activity

3. Controlled Variables gender, age

4. Identify one variable that was not controlled in this study (not dependent or independent variables; hint: think about possible differences between subjects). Their physical condition or regular exercise were not considered. One who has a frequent exercise could have a higher exertion capacity,will show less drastic changes in vital signs after work out.

5. SVR was calculated using values for BP, CO, and HR. What instrument was used to measure each of the following? 1. Blood pressure Sphygmomanometer was used to measured blood pressure.

2. Stroke volume Stroke volume is calculated by subtracting the end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume . An MRI was used to measure end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume.

3. Heart rate ECG was used to measure heart rate.

Results Table 2: Effect of Exercise on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP, SDP), Heart Rate (HR) and Stroke Volume (SV)

Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Averages

Systolic BP (mmHg) 122 122 123 122

Resting Values Diastolic HR (beats/min) BP (mmHg) 84 74 83 74 81 74 83 74

SV (mL) 0.076 0.075 0.078 0.076

Systolic BP (mmHg) 149 148 147 148

Immediately After exercise Diastolic HR (beats/min) BP (mmHg) 82 146 81 147 84 146 82 146

SV (mL) 0.109 0.106 0.109 0.108

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Laboratory Report

Resting and Early Post-Exercise SBP and DBP Resting Values

150 120

Exercising Values

1. SBP

90 60 30 0 1

Resting Values

100 80

Exercising Values

1. DBP

60 40 20 0 1

1. Resting and exercising systolic BP a. What was the average resting systolic BP? It was 122 mmHg

b. What was the average exercising systolic BP? It was 148 mmHg

c. The range of normal resting systolic BP for the subjects in this experiment is 115-125 mmHg. Did systolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Systolic BP increased with exercise.

2. Resting and exercising diastolic BP a. What was the average resting diastolic BP? It was 83 mmHg.

b. What was the average exercising diastolic BP? It was 82 mmHg.

c. The range of normal resting diastolic BP for these patients was 75-85 mmHg. Did diastolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Diastolic BP did not change with exercise.

Table 3: Resting and Early Post-Exercising Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP), Cardiac Output (CO), and Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Averages

MAP (mmHg)

Resting Values CO (L/min)

97 96 95 96

5.6 5.5 5.8 5.6

SVR (mmHg x min/L) 17.3 17.5 16.4 17.1

MAP (mmHg) 104 103 105 104

Immediately After exercise CO (L/min) SVR (mmHg x min/L) 15.9 6.5 15.6 6.6 15.9 6.6 15.8 6.6

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Laboratory Report

Resting and Exercising MAP, CO, and SVR Resting Values

110 88

Exercising Values

1. MAP

66 44 22 0 1

Resting Values

16 12.8

Exercising Values

1. CO

9.6 6.4 3.2 0 1

Resting Values

20 16

Exercising Values

1. CVR

12 8 4 0 1

3. Resting and Exercising MAP a. What was the average resting MAP? It was 96 mmHg.

b. What was the average exercising MAP? It was 104 mmHg.

c. The range of normal resting MAP for the subjects in this experiment is 88-98 mmHg. Did MAP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? MAP increased with exercise.

4. Resting and Exercising CO a. What was the average resting CO? It was 5.6 L/min.

b. What was the average exercising CO? It was 15.8 L/min

c. The range of resting CO for the subjects in this experiment is 4.55-5.55 L/min. Did CO increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

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Laboratory Report

CO increased with exercise.

5. Resting and Exercising SVR a. What was the average resting SVR? It was 17.1 mmHg·L-1·min.

b. What was the average exercising SVR? It was 6.6 mmHg·L-1·min.

c. The range of resting SVR for the subjects in this experiment is 10.2-12.03 mmHg per min/L. Did SVR increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? SVR decreased with exercise.

Discussion 1. Explain what caused the observed changes in systolic BP and MAP with exercise. Both systolic BP and MAP incerased because there was a greater need for oxygen, muscles need greater blood flow, causing the heart beat faster and stronger to keep up with demand.

2. Compare the resting and exercising systemic vascular resistance values and discuss what causes the observed change with exercise. The systemic vascular resistance in resting is higher than with exercise because the body needs more oxygen and energy while exercising. The blood vessels in cardiovascular system have to dilate to aid in allowing a greater quantity of blood. This leads to the SVR decreases with exercise, so that the velocity of blood flow will increase.

3. Explain how the change in MAP and SVR affected blood flow and why this is important. MAP and SVR are the factors which affect the blood flow. Increased pressure and decreased resistance help to increase the blood flow. This is to be expected as the body requires additional blood circulation. 4. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. -My prediction that SVR would decrease to allow for additional blood-flow, this was supported by SVR decreasing significantly following exercise. -I predicted that CO would increase with exercise, this was supported by the increased heart rate and stroke volume with exercise. -I predicted that MAP would increase with exercise, this was supported by the increased systolic pressure and the unchange diastolic pressure.

Application 1. Calcium channel blockers, a type of anti-hypertensive drug, block the entry of calcium into smooth muscle which causes smooth muscle to relax. Explain how this decreases blood pressure. A relaxation of the smooth muscles would result in dilation of the lumen of the blood vessels. Dilation of the blood vessels will decrease Systemic Vascular Resistance, therefore lowering blood pressure. 2. Explain why cutting an arterial vessel will cause a greater loss of blood over the same amount of time than cutting a venous vessel. Arteries have higher pressure compared to veins, this means that there is more internal force in the arteries that can get the blood forced out more rapidly. Besides, blood in veins are moved much more passively because of the lower pressure in veins. That's why cutting an arterial vessel will cause a greater loss of blood than a venous vessel.

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