Endocrine System Lab Quiz Study Guide PDF

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study guide for endocrine system...

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HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

GnRH

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Posterior pituitary

Kidney

Stimulates water retention (less pee)

Oxytocin

Posterior pituitary

Uterus & mammary glands

Stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

FSH

Anterior pituitary

Ovaries & testes

Stimulates ovary to produce eggs and release estrogen; sperm production in testis

LH

Anterior pituitary

Ovaries & testes

Stimulates ovulation; ovary to produce estrogen and progesterone; testis to produce testosterone

TSH

Anterior pituitary

Thyroid gland

Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4

GH

Anterior pituitary

Bone, muscle, adipose tissue, liver, cartilage

Stimulates growth

Prolactin

Anterior pituitary

Mammary glands

Stimulates milk production

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Anterior pituitary

Adrenal gland (cortex)

Stimulates release of cortisol & aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Posterior Pituitary stores/releases ADH and Oxytocin, but does not produce hormones

HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE PINEAL GLAND Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

Melatonin

Pineal gland

Brain

Sleep/wake cycle

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE THYROID GLAND Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

T3

Thyroid

Throughout body

Regulate metabolic rate & thermoregulation and promote growth and development

T4 (thyroxine)

Thyroid

Same

Same

Calcitonin

Thyroid

Bones

Decreases blood calcium levels

HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE PARATHYROID GLAND Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Chief cells on parathyroid glands

Bones, kidneys, and small intestine

Elevates blood calcium levels / maintains calcium homeostasis

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE THYMUS Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

Thymosin

Thymus gland

WBCs

Stimulates development of T cells

Thymopoietin

Thymus gland

WBCs

Same

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid)

Zona glomerulosa in adrenal cortex

Kidneys

Regulates sodium & potassium levels in the blood to control BP (increase it)

Cortisol (a glucocorticoid)

Zona fasciculata in adrenal cortex

Liver, muscle, and adipose cells

Regulates glucose metabolism

Androgens

Zona reticularis in adrenal cortex

Brain & male reproductive tissues

Converts into testosterone & estrogen eventually

Epinephrine (a catecholamine)

Chromaffin cells Muscles and blood of adrenal vessels

Fight or flight response to stress (increase BP, HR, breathing,

Norepinephrine (a catecholamine)

medulla

decrease digestion)

Chromaffin cells Muscles and blood of adrenal vessels medulla

Fight or flight response to stress (increase BP, HR, breathing, decrease digestion)

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS Hormone

Where it is secreted

Target

Function

Insulin

Beta cells in pancreatic islet

Throughout body

Lowers blood glucose levels

Glucagon

Alpha cells in pancreatic islet

Liver

Raises blood glucose levels

2. Be able to look at pictures of slides and tell what hormones are secreted. I included a PDF with a guide in the Endocrine folder on Blackboard, so feel free to use that. ● ● ●

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Hormones: chemical signals that regulate the functions of other cells as long as those cells have receptors for the specific hormone Neurohormones: chemicals produced by nervous tissue that act as hormones Hypothalamus: major homeostatic organ that regulates BP, hunger, thirst, body temp, and some reproductive functions ○ Produces variety of releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary Adrenal glands ○ Cortex ■ Capsule ■ Zona glomerulosa ■ Zona fasciculata ■ Zona reticularis ○ Medulla...