ENG 205 Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language PDF

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ENG 205 Comparative Analysis of English and Philippine Language...

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Laguna State Polytechnic University College of Teacher Education Graduate Studies and Applied Research Los Baños, Laguna

Eng 205: Comparative Analysis of English Language and Philippine Language PT 1 Directions: (1) Here is how to estimate the number of words in your mental lexicon. Consult any standard dictionary. a. Count the number of entries on a typical page. They are usually bold-faced. 37 b. Multiply the number of words per page by the number of pages in the dictionary. 65,860 c. Pick four pages in the dictionary at random. Count the number of words on these pages. 93 d. How many of these words do you know? 56 e. What percentage of the words on the four pages do you know? 60.22% f. Multiply the words in the dictionary by the percentage you arrived at in. You know approximately how many English words there are. Approximately 35, 000

PT 2 Directions: Match each expression under A with the one statement under B that characterizes it. A B ___3_a. noisy crow (1) compound noun ___1_b. scarecrow (2) root morpheme plus derivational prefix __6_c. the crow (3) phrase consisting of adjective plus noun __5_d. crow like (4) root morpheme plus inflectional affix __4__e. crows (5) root morpheme plus derivational suffix (6) grammatical morpheme followed by lexical Morpheme

PT 3 Analysis

Laguna State Polytechnic University College of Teacher Education Graduate Studies and Applied Research Los Baños, Laguna In Zulu language, the singular morpheme is um while the plural morpheme is aba. Zulu stems to which the singular and plural morphemes are attached are fazi which means married woman, fani which means boy, zali which means parent, fundisi which means teacher, bazi which means carve, limi which means farmer, dlali means which player and fundi which means reader. The following Zulu verbs are derived from noun stems by adding a verbal suffix, fundisa which means to teach, funda which means to read, lima which means to cultivate, baza which means to carve. Additionally, the derivational suffix that specifies the category verb (a), the nominal suffix that forms nouns is (i). Lastly, in the context of morphological noun formation rule in Zulu, um + noun + I + (singular) aba + noun + I + (plural). In addition, there is limited vowel length in Zulu, as a result of the contraction of certain syllables. For example, the word ithambo /íːtʰámbó/ "bone", is a contraction of an earlier ilithambo /ílítʰámbó/, which may still be used by some speakers. Likewise, uphahla /úːpʰaɬa/ "roof" is a contraction of earlier uluphahla /ulúpʰaɬa/. The vowel of the penultimate syllable is allophonically lengthened phrase- or sentence-finally. In Swedish language, the Swedish word for the indefinite article a (or an) is en. The two forms of the plural morpheme is formed in the following pattern, en lampa “a lamp,” en soffa “a sofa,” en tidning “a newspaper,” en bil “a car,” en stol “a chair, ” en katt “a cat,” lampor “lamps,” soffor “sofas,” tidningar “newspapers,” bilar “cars” stolar “chairs,” kattar “cats.” Accordingly, when the stem word ends with the letter “a”, we drop the letter and add -or as, for example, lampa as to lampor. While, when the word and with another letter, we just add the suffix -ar as in, bil + ar = bilar and stol + ar = stolar. The two forms of the morpheme that make a singular word definite, that is, correspond to the English article are formed like these, en lampa which means “a lamp,” en soffa which means “a sofa, ”en bil which means “a car, ”en stol which means “a chair,”en katt which means “a cat,” lampan which means “the lamp,” soffan “the sofa, ” bilen which means “the car, ”stolen which means “the chair, ” katten which means “the cat.” So, the morphemes that make a singular word definite are: "-n" and "-en". When the word ends with a vowel, the suffix -n is added. Therefore, when it ends with a consonant the suffix -en is added and the morpheme that makes a plural word definite is "-na." Also, in the order as to the various suffixes occur when there is more than one is stem + plural suffix + definite suffix pattern. It is also important to note that Swedish has a tone or pitch accent, described by many speakers of English as a singsong rhythm. The vocabulary contains many loanwords, especially from Low German and High German and, in more recent times, from French and English. On the context of the infinitive and past participle verb forms found in Dutch language, we see that the infinitive is formed by the process of suffixation following the root + suffix “-en” rule. From the root word wandel to infinitive, which is wandelen, duw to duwen and stofzuig to stofzuigen. Concerning these examples, the past participle is formed by circumfixing the prefix “ge- “at the beginning of the root and the suffix

Laguna State Polytechnic University College of Teacher Education Graduate Studies and Applied Research Los Baños, Laguna “-d” at the end, prefix “ge- “+ root + suffix “-d.”Moreover, verb construction with kinds of morphemes strung together in agreement prefix + tense/aspect prefix + Verb order. Furthermore, given their Germanic roots, Dutch, German, and English bear some similarities; Dutch is probably somewhere in the middle between English and German. While Dutch does enjoy leaving the verb at the end of the sentence occasionally, like in German, it doesn’t have the cases German does, which makes it more akin to English. Further, where German has three (nominative) definite articles, der, die, das, and English one, the, Dutch has two, de and het. Italian is pronounced phonetically. Every letter corresponds to a distinguishable sound, there are hardly any differences between pronunciation and spelling. However, pronunciation can vary considerably from region to region. Deference and politeness is expressed by the switch between formal 'lei' and informal 'tu'. Also, Italian shares an approximate 85% lexical similarity to Spanish and French. Italian has a highly musical quality as almost all words end in a vowel. Inflection, declination and grammatical gender are important features of Italian grammar. Correspondingly, vowels can feature diacritic marks: à, è, ì, ò, and ù. Meanwhile, in Turkish language, morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical functions. The following example consists of one element "speak" and a number of other elements which are called morphemes (-s, -er,-ed ,-ing):Speak, Spoke, Speaking, Speaker There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes which can occur by themselves as a single word (speak); whereas, bound morphemes which cannot stand by themselves, always attached to another form (s, -er,-ed,-ing). Additionally, In Turkish, the parts of a word combine in a particular order. Inflectional morphemes are always used in the word final position whereas derivational suffixes precede inflectional suffixes. Lastly, Chickasaw has three phonemic short vowels and three phonemic long vowels, low central /a, a…/, high front /i, i…/ and mid rounded back /o, o…/. The short vowels are for many speakers slightly centralized relative to the corresponding long vowels. In addition to the phonemically short and long vowels, there is a third set of vowels which may be described as intermediate in phonetic duration between the phonemic short and long vowels, though the duration of these phonetically lengthened vowels appears to vary greatly as a function of environment and speaker. In addition to the three phonemic vowel qualities, there are other surface vowel qualities.

Submitted by: MARK LAURENCE T. TAPAS MaEd – English

Submitted to: Dr. JUANA L. JUANILLAS Professor...