Language Journal (ENG 2821) PDF

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Tinasiah Mitchell English 2821 Introduction to Linguistics Language Journal

1. After learning the definition of collocation, I realized a lot of the words I used today are these combinational ideas that are frequently seen and used together, such as “make the bed” or “fast food” 2. a. Oxford English Dictionary i. /pəˈteɪdoʊ/ (U.S.) ii. /pəˈ teɪ təʊ / (Brit.) b. Merriam Webster i. / pə-ˈtā-(ˌ)tō/ 3. a. / ˈmɑrʃˌ mɛ loʊ/ 4. -- Philly slang a. /jɔn/ 5. -- Philly slang a. /bʊl/ 6. Thurl – Philly slang a. /θɜrl/ 7. Nasalization, I think that based on how you prefer certain words, what may not be a nasalized word to one person, may appear to be one, and vice versa. a. “Hey man” i. The nasalization appears to be on the “n” rather than the “a’ 8. “I don’t know” a. /I duno/ i. An example of deletion where words are removed so its quicker to say 9. “Finna” = “Finally gonna” a. /fɪnnɔ/ i. Deletion

10. It seems that the “Flapping” in language only really occurs in the American English language. It appears this switch from [t] and [d] when pronouncing certain words, changes the sound. a. Metal i. Me[d]al vs Me[t]al 11. Obligate a. [ɑb] b. [lɪ] c. [ɡeɪt] i. There is an identifiable onset in b & c, as it is the [i] & [g], however the first syllable doesn’t have a consonant. ii. There was a confusion whether the entire word of [obligate] was an onset, but I found that the word divided into parts, had multiple onsets, rather then just being one. 12. Homonym a. Leak vs Leek b. I was speaking to a friend and said “I gotta take a leak,” In the context of how I said it, because I was in the grocery store and talking about making soup, she thought I was referring to the vegetable “leek” however, I was using the slang definition for “leak,” meaning I had to “pee.” 13. Homophone a. Read /rɛd/ i. Past tense b. Read /rid/ i. Present tense 1. We were reading poems inside of my English class, when we often got to this word some of the kids would say read pronounced as “reed” and others would say read pronounced like “red.” While after saying the word, you can decide which word was appropriate, simply seeing it on paper, it appeared that whoever was saying the word, did it merely based on whatever word they used more.

14. Homograph a. Tear i. To rip ii. A drop of water from the eye/crying 15. Heteronym a. Homographs that aren’t homophones? I was confused at first. A lot of homographs tend to be heteronym, such as my entry #14. b. But an example of a heteronym would be i. Contest vs Contest 1. In order for the boys to contest their conflict, they had a contest. 2. The first contest being a noun & the second a verb 3. CON-test vs con-TEST 4. The stress on the syllables change 16. “Indigenous” People’s day a. The word indigenous represents narrowing in linguistics, as the word initially was used widely, but as time moved forward became a small frame of reference of people who inhabited a colonized space, rather than the initial originals or “natives,” of the country/place. 17. In regard to a conversation with a friend, we spoke about the mixed feelings often associated with the word “baggage.” We found that unless someone was inside of an airport and had real baggage they needed to check in or check out. However, as time progressed people began using “baggage” in the context of extra weight, or the bad things someone tries to zip up and hide. And this newfound definition or association is called “connotation,” which is the affective meaning that is associated with a word. Baggage like when traveling holds the things you’ll need in another location you’re traveling to, but these days baggage is only the bad things. 18. Saying the word “condoms” or “pads,” are often sensitive words to male and females. People stigmatize the word to seem vulgar, even though they are important things in this sexual and hygienic world. “Family planning” or “feminine hygiene products” are often used as euphemisms to numb down “condoms, pregnancy test, and pads/panty liners,” from being on that convenient isle sign.

19. Jumbee, is a jargon or word used in Caribbean culture that refers to a mythological demon or spirit, it refers to all evil as an umbrella term. a. Bacoo is often related to this word i. Another folklore of Guyanese culture that refers to a spirit that throws stones at houses and moves objects around the house 20. Morphemes (trying to see how many I can get into one word) a. Boy (1) b. Desire + able (2) c. Boy + ish + ness (3) d. Gentle + man + li + ness (4) e. Anti + dis + establish + ment + ari + an+ ism (5) i. Who would’ve thought Antidisestablishmentarianism was one word? The word refers to a British political movement. 21. The phrase “hang up the phone,” originates from an era, where landline phones were mounted to the wall. You would literally hang said phone onto the mount on the wall. Today “hang up,” means to end the call, while we no longer put the phone on the actual wall, it is still used as a reference to end the call. I want to say this is narrowing. But I am not sure if that’s the correct term, of broad reference to narrow more specific one. I do think this expression also relates closely to “off the hook” which also at the time referred directly to the phone being so heavy when mounted to the wall it would sometimes dismantle or fall off. Today off the hook similar to the phone means, freed from ones confined space. Similar to a father who is always babysitting and finally gets to go hang out with the guys. His friends may say “you’re finally off the hook!” 22. a. /ɑrd/ b. Term that means “alright” in Philadelphia, used as a substitute for okay 23. a. /kʊli/ b. An Amerindian in Guyanese culture can be an insult depending on who of the culture you say it to. 24. , /bɔ nə/ -- A Guyanese term, that is similar to how “bro” is used, means “man”...