Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research - Chapter 4 PDF

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Dr. Prichett's Research Methods chapter 4. How ethics and psychology go hand-to-hand. ...

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Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research - Chapter 4 Historical Examples of unethical use of research ● The Tuskegee Syphilis Study illustrates three major ethics violations. ○ Three Major Ethics Violations: ■ The participants were not treated respectfully. ■ The participants were harmed.   ■ The participants were a targeted, disadvantaged social group. ● The Milgram obedience studies illustrate an ethical balance. ○ Ethical questions ■ Debriefing ● To tell the participants about the study after completion. ○ Balancing risk to participants with benefit to society ● Thalidomide tragedy Core Ethical Principles The Belmont Report: principles and applications ● The principle of respect for persons ○ Informed consent ■ Must informed about the risk ○ Protection of vulnerable populations ■ Children under 18 ■ Mental disability ■ Prisoners ● Easier to cohort ○ Coercion is  an implicit or explicit suggestion that those who do not participate will suffer a negative consequence. ● The principle of beneficence ○ Cost-benefit analysis for participants & society ● The principle of justice ○ To treat people fairly Beneficence: Cost-Benefit Balance Guidelines for Psychologists: APA Ethical Principles ● APA’ Five General Ethical Principles ○ Beneficence & nonmaleficence

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Fidelity & Responsibility Integrity Justice Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Ten Specific Ethical Standards Standard 8 is specific to research: ● Institutional review boards (Standard 8.01) ○ 10 - 20 people ○ They will review the study ○ Must be approved by the IRB ■ INFORMED CONSENT ● Informed consent (Standard 8.02) ● Deception (Standard 8.07) ● Debriefing (Standard 8.08) ● Research misconduct ○ Data fabrication (Standard 8.10) and data  falsification ○ Plagiarism (Standard 8.11) ● Animal research (Standard 8.09) Informed Consent ● To have permission to participate in the study ● Usually written an a 3rd grade level Deception and Debriefing ● Deception ○ Omit, not being fully honest, lying ○ Is deception always unethical? ■ debatable ○ What priorities do we balance in a deception study? ■ Knowledge versus risks with deception ● Debriefing ○ Required for deception studies (by APA) ○ Often required for any study in a university setting ○ To inform the participant about the study Research Misconduct ● Plagiarism ● Fabrication ○ Made up data.

● Falsification ○ Taking data and bending it to fit our results/ alternating Animal Research ● Strict federal guidelines for animal research ○ IACUC committees ○ Guide for care and use of laboratory animals: ■ http://oacu.od.nih.gov/regs/guide/guide.pdfReplacementRefinementReduc tion Animal Research (Standard 8.09) ● Legal protection for laboratory animals ● Animal care guidelines and the three R’s: ○ Replacement, refinement, reduction (IMPORTANT) ● Attitudes of scientists and students toward animal research ● Attitudes of animal rights groups ● Ethically balancing animal welfare, animal rights, and animal research

Ethical Decision Making: A Thoughtful Balance ● Ethical decision making requires a balance of priorities...