Developmental Psychology Chapter 4 PDF

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This is a study guide for chapter 4 to help on the test and quizzes. These are concepts and terms that need to be known....

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1/3 Developmental Psychology Chapter 4 Study Guide for Test 1 Anger cry: A cry similar to the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the

vocal cords. Attachment: A close emotional bond between two people. Basic cry: A rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter

inspiratory whistle that is higher-pitched than the main cry, and a brief rest before the next cry. Developmental cascade model: Involves connections across domains over time that

influence developmental pathways and outcomes. Difficult child: Involves connections across domains over time that influence

developmental pathways and outcomes. Easy child: A child who is generally in a positive mood, who quickly establishes

regular routines in infancy, and who adapts easily to new experiences. Emotion: Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that

is important to them. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced. Goodness of fit: Refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the

environmental demands with which the child must cope. Insecure avoidant babies: Babies that show insecurity by avoiding their mothers. Insecure disorganized babies: Babies that show insecurity by being disorganized and

disoriented.

2/3 Insecure resistant babies: Babies that often cling to the caregiver, then resist her by

fighting against the closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away. Pain cry: A sudden outburst of loud crying without preliminary moaning, followed by

breath holding. Reciprocal socialization: Socialization that is bidirectional, meaning that children

socialize parents, just as parents socialize children. Reflexive smile: A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. It appears

during the first month after birth, usually during sleep. Scaffolding: Process in which parents time interactions so that infants experience

turn-taking with their parents. Securely attached babies: Babies that use the caregiver as a secure base from which to

explore their environment. Separation protest: An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves. Slow-to-warm-up child: A child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and

displays a low intensity of mood. Social referencing: “Reading” emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in

a particular situation. Social smile: A smile in response to an external stimulus, which, early in development,

typically is a face. Strange Situation: An observational measure of infant attachment that requires the

infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order.

3/3 Stranger anxiety: An infant’s fear and wariness of strangers that typically appears in

the second half of the first year of life. Temperament: An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding

emotionally....