Chapter 2 - Summary Developmental Psychology PDF

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130—Developmental Chapter 2—Research Strategies From Theory to Hypothesis 

Hypothesis—prediction drawn from a theory

Common Research Methods 

Naturalistic observation—go into the field, or natural environment, and record behavior of interest o Event sampling--# instances during specified time period o Time sampling—records whether behavior occurs during time interval Observer influence—effects of the observer on the behavior studied Observer bias—observers are aware of the purposes and record what they expect rather than what is actually done Self Reports: Interviews and Questionnaires o Clinical interview—researchers use a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant’s point of view  Problem of self report. Positive for display of thoughts in terms and provide large amount of info in brief period o Structured interview—all individuals asked the same set of questions in the same way  Problem of inaccurate reporting Neurobiological methods—measure the r’ship btw NS processes and behavior o Use of reflexes to measure o EEG, fMRI, PET scan Clinical, or Case Study, Method o Clinical method—brings together a wide range of info on one child, including interviews, observations, test scores, and sometimes neurobiological measures o o

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Reliability and Validity  

Reliability—consistency of measures of behavior Validity—accurately measure characteristics that the research set out to measure

General Research Designs 

Correlational—gather info in natural life circumstances. Look at r’ships btw participants’ characteristics and their behavior or development...