Eugenol-clove oil Lab report PDF

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Veronica Zurita

Experiment 1

February 9, 2020

Isolation and Biological Testing of Eugenol from Clove oil

Introduction:

Organic compounds such as essential oils have been used to treat a variety of illnesses hence being used for medicinal purposes. One of these oils is the clove oil which we will be using in this experiment. This oil was usually used as an antiseptic since it contains phenolic compounds (OH group attached to aromatic ring) In this experiment we will be separating eugenol from clove oil by the acid/base chemistry of the organic molecules. Due to this understanding if we extract the organic solution with the aqueous base solution, then the organic acid will dissolve in the aqueous phase as its conjugate base. Same works for an organic acid, if you extract with an organic acid, the organic base will dissolve in the aqueous phase as its conjugate acid. The goal of this experiment is to isolate the natural product of eugenol from clove oil. We will do this by performing an extraction through separatory funnels. After shaking and burping” we drain the bottom layer into a flask. This will be repeated twice. We will add the solvent being hexane. Then then they will drain the aqueous phase and we will pour the organic phase into acidic compounds. Then we will use a drying agent. Then we will remove the solvent on rotary evaporator which will give us our final eugenol product.

Materials and Methods:

Name

Clove oil sodiumsulfat e Hexane Hydrochloric acid Eugenol Water

M.W.

Density (if Amount applicable) (grams or mL) 1.0ml

0.655

Moles

Hazards/Precautions

1g/mole

20ml 10ml O,316g/ mole

Corrosive, may cause irritation to skin Highly flammable Corrosive to eyes, can cause burns Irritant

o.008

Techniques used in this experiment:

We did liquid- liquid extraction and chemically active extraction of eugenol through the technique using a separatory funnel help remove water soluble impurities. We performed this extraction by using the “shake and burp” procedure as well as venting frequently to not let

Veronica Zurita

Experiment 1

February 9, 2020

pressure build up. After repeating this several times, we drained the aqueous phase from the separatory funnel into the extraction of eugenol into an Erlenmeyer flask. Then this was left as neutral compound, which later got the drying agent of sodium sulfate added into the flask. Then the solution was decanted. Then we had to place in rotary evaporation and test its acidity one we added hydrochloric acid, where we noticed a change in on color (red) on the paper test. After this, another transfer had to be done from aqueous phase to separatory funnel again to extract aqueous phase with hexane using same procedure of shaking and burping. Then drain and add hexane and drain aqueous phase again, add sodium sulfate again and repeat as before. Solution was decanted and to pear shaped flask and back to removing solvent on the rotary evaporator. This last transfer would give us the moat pure organic compound of eugenol being extracted from the clove oil. It was then handed to our instructor.

Observations:

The limiting reagent in this experiment was the clove oil since it the substance where we tried to extract the eugenol from. We observed that Eugenol was cloudy prior to extraction because of the presence of water. We understood water (being a polar substance) and eugenol being oil, hence a nonpolar substance will not mix with each other. This is what makes eugenol appear cloudy, as it would happen with oil and water mixtures. We also learned that the solution with lower density will rest on top. Therefore, hexane having a density of 0.6555 rested on top of water solution having a density of 0.998

MATH:

Pear shaped flask empty: 58.39 g Pear shaped flask with eugenol: 58.706g Subtraction of both = .316g

0.316g/ 1gx 100= 31.6 %

Results and Conclusions:

Results included the % Recovery = 0.316 g of eugenol/1ml cloves used x 100.The calculated percent yield of 31.6 % is low. A possible explanation for this low yield may be an

Veronica Zurita

Experiment 1

February 9, 2020

inadequate amount of hexane during the extraction method, maybe not enough mixed into the solution or over evaporation from our last extraction to eugenol while on the evaporating vent. We also think we might have forgotten to repeat the transferring and extraction of aqueous phase with hexane once more. Our conclusion is we were able to isolate the pure organic compound of eugenol from its clove oil by mixture and draining, venting, and evaporating reagents- steam distillation that will then lead us to the eugenol (organic compound). We were able to observe its milky, white oil appearance at the end of our experiment. Unfortunately, as mentioned above, we recovered a very small amount of eugenol from our original clove oil....