Exam 1 Practice PDF

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APK2105c – Exam 1 Practice Questions – Dr. Nguyen Note: There will be simple calculations on the exam that you can do by hand on the exam paper – no calculators will be allowed 1. If the energy per mole of reactant is greater than that of the products, then at equilibrium there will be a greater concentration of reactants. a) True b) False 2. Which of the following is false in regard to homeostasis? a) The integration center determines the appropriate action to take and sends that message to the effector(s) b) The purpose of homeostasis is to maintain constant conditions in the extracellular fluid c) The male and female reproductive systems are the only organ systems that do not function to maintain homeostasis d) Positive feedback is more common than negative feedback e) All of the above statements are true regarding homeostasis (i.e. none are false) 3. What type of cell-to-cell adhesion would be most abundance amongst the cells pictured in Figure 2? a) Gap junctions b) Tight junctions c) Desmosomes d) None of the above 4. For each glucose molecule, how many turns/cycles are completed during the Krebs cycle? a) 3 because there are 3 pyruvate molecules generated per glucose molecule b) 4 because there are 2 acetyl-CoA molecules generated per glucose molecule c) 2 because there are 2 pyruvate molecules generated per glucose molecule d) 3 because there are 3 acetyl-CoA molecules generated per glucose molecule e) Not enough information is given 5. Anabolic reactions are powered by most of the energy released by catabolic reactions a) True b) False 6. A signaling molecule travels through the bloodstream from its point of origin to a target cell across the body. What type of gland releases this signaling molecule? a) Hormone gland b) Exocrine gland c) Endocrine gland 7. From Figure 3, match the appropriate line with the type/regulation of enzyme. a) Green: allosteric enzyme; blue: common enzyme; red: allosteric inhibitor b) Green: common enzyme; blue: allosteric enzyme; red: allosteric inhibitor c) Green: allosteric activator; blue: allosteric inhibitor; red: allosteric enzyme d) None of the above

8. In Figure 1, “P” indicates where a hormone would be secreted from in this particular gland. a) True b) False 9. What allows DNA to unwind from its double helix structure during transcription? a) Binding of tRNA to initiator codon b) Binding of mRNA to the DNA c) Binding of DNA polymerase to the DNA d) Binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA 10. Epithelial cells are attached to and are associated with noncellular material called (an): a) Skeletal muscle b) Endocrine gland c) Neurons d) Blood e) Basement membrane 11. If the energy change of a reaction (ΔE) is positive, then: a) The reactants have more energy than the products b) The products have more energy than the reactants c) Energy has been released during the reaction d) No energy was added to the reaction e) The reactants had the same energy as the products 12. To allosterically regulate an enzyme, the modulator molecule binds to the: a) Active site of the enzyme and its binding is irreversible b) Cofactor of the enzyme and is a weak reversible interaction c) Regulatory site and its binding is irreversible d) Regulatory site and its binding is reversible e) Active site of the enzyme and its binding is reversible 13. If the nucleolus becomes damaged, which of the following organelles would be most affected? a) Ribosomes b) Mitochondria c) RNA d) Golgi apparatus e) smooth ER 14. According to the Law of Mass Action, an excess of glucose in the following reaction would result in: 𝐻𝑒𝑥𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐺𝑙𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒 → a) b) c) d)

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose for cell usage Stimulation of glycogenesis in muscle and liver cells Equilibrium Stimulation of glycogenolysis

15. Which of the following pairs correctly describes the location of a particular stage of glucose oxidation? a) Kreb’s Cyle; cytosol b) Glycolysis; mitochondrial matrix c) Oxidative phosphorylation; along inner mitochondrial membrane d) Oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial matrix

16. After translation, the 5’ cap is added to the beginning of the mRNA strand to initiate movement of mRNA out of the nucleus. a) True b) False 17. Fluid compartments in the body are separated by semi-permeable membranes which describes the membrane’s ability to: a) Provide a barrier restricting movement of all molecules across the membrane b) Restrict only the movement of water across the membrane c) Permits movement of any molecule across the membrane d) Restricts only sodium across the membrane e) Allow for the movement of some molecules across the membrane 18. If complex III (pump II) in the electron transport chain was dysfunctional/impaired but complex IV (pump III) was able to continue to work normally (i.e. we just by-pass pump II), how many ATP molecules would one NADH be able to make in this scenario? a) 3 ATP b) 2 ATP c) 2.5 ATP d) 1.5 ATP e) 1 ATP 19. In Figure 1, ______________ are in high abundance between individual epithelial cells that form this gland to ensure the secretory product is properly expelled into the lumen of the gland instead of leaking in between the individual epithelial cells. a) Tight junctions b) Desmosomes c) Gap junctions 20. A gene mutation preventing the synthesis of the hexokinase enzyme will cause: a) An increase in lactate formation b) A reduction in ATP synthesis c) An increase in glycogenolysis

Figure 1 Q

Figure 2

P

Figure 3 T...