Exam 1 Review Sheet 2021 Kurt Hoffman Virginia Tech PDF

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Summary

This is the exam 1 review sheet for the Fall 2021 semester to let us know what is expected to be on the test and areas we should know that will be on the test....

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Review Sheet --- PSYC 1004, Exam 1 Kurt A. Hoffman The exam will be 50 multiple choice questions. Here’s a list of what you need to know… Short version: Know and understand everything from class presentations in the Modules. Also know all material from the Textbook Prologue, and Chapter 1. Test questions relevant to Chapter 2 and portions of 6 will come only from class presentations. Expanded version: Know everything about, and all examples relevant to, the following terms and topics…

Background What psychology is What psychologists do—jobs (‘rule’ of thirds, I/O psychology defined) Basic and applied psychology History --- Philosophers/thinkers that preceded the first psychologists, the earliest psychology labs, their methods, and perspectives; philosophical roots, evolution and behavioral genetics Different meanings of bias 6 current psychological perspectives Psychological principles to help you learn and remember; SQ3R method from Cook website What science really is, according to Stuart Firestein and his TED talk; 4 statements about what sciences listed in class, and which we should like more, and less Why we need science – – overconfidence, hindsight bias, seeing patterns in random events Descriptive methods used by psychologists Research going beyond common sense: likes attract or do opposites, the bystander effect ‘OHDAC’, theory, hypotheses, empiricism Helmstadter’s 6 Ways of Accepting Ideas as True Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, case studies, and surveys Variables – – independent and dependent; confounding variables and control

The Nervous System Afferent, efferent, sensory, motor, interneurons Parts of a neuron, Action potential, how a neuron fires, synaptic transmission Neurotransmitters --- what they do, 6 discussed in class Divisions and structures of the nervous system: A. Peripheral 1. Somatic 2. Autonomic a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic B. Central 1. Spinal Cord 2. Brain a. Hindbrain & Midbrain Structures

b. Forebrain Structures i. subcortical structures ii. cerebral cortex --- what it is, 4 lobes importance of assoc. areas, inhibition (Phineas Gage), plasticity, cerebral lateralization (what are the left brain and right brain specialized for, according to Hoffman)

Visual Sensation and Perception Sensation, perception, and transduction defined Figure-ground, Gestalt principles of perceptual organization, monocular cues for depth perception Optical illusions and possible cultural explanation The role of the retina in the eye Plasticity in the visual cortex; visual path from the retina in the eye to the visual cortex in the brain Bottom-up and top-down processing...