Exam 3 Study Guide Ch. 5 PDF

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Study Guide for Ch. 5...

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1. Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion and Chemical energy is the potential energy from a chemical reaction. 2. Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing Chemical energy into Kinetic energy. ● Glucose molecules are chemical energy 3. An automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its surroundings. T or F ● When you start a car it burns the gasoline, changing the chemical energy into kinetic energy 4. According to the 1st law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed. ● Can be converted into another form (ex. Chemical to Kinetic) 5. The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water is an endergonic reaction process. ● Ex. Photosynthesis 6. What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions? •An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy. •An endergonic reaction requires an input of energy & yields products rich in potential energy

● Endergonic energy is required, Exergonic energy is released 7. Which of the following examples is classified as a metabolic pathway? A) protein synthesis B) osmosis C) cell lysis D) passive diffusion ● Metabolic Pathway is –a series of chemical reactions that either break down a complex molecule or build up a complex molecule

8. When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from an Exergonic reaction to drive an Endergonic reaction. ● Energy is released from an exergonic reaction and used in the endergonic reaction ● Energy Coupling 9. The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called Phosphorylation. 10. Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely result in cell death? ● No ATP formed, no energy 11. The energy required to initiate an exergonic reaction is called Activation Energy 12. Most of a cell's enzymes are Proteins? 13. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it lowers the Energy of Activation. 14. Substrates bind to an enzyme's Active site. 15. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction, so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction. T or F 16. Heating inactivates enzymes by changing the enzyme's Shape. 17.Which of the following substances could be a cofactor? A) a protein B) a polypeptide C) a zinc atom D) a ribosome ●

Inorganic molecule

18. Which of the following is a coenzyme? A) zinc B) vitamin B6 C) iron D) iodine

● Organic molecules 19. Which of the following is a coenzyme? A) zinc B) vitamin B6 C) iron D) iodine

Short Answers- Questions based on how enzyme work. Page 87-88 ● The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate . ● The substrate binds to active site of enzyme , forming an enzymesubstrate complex. ● The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. ● Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction.

Questions based on exergonic and endergonic reaction Page •An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy. –This reaction releases the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants. –Cellular respiration releases energy and heat and produces products but is able to use the released energy to perform work. •An endergonic reaction requires an input of energy & yields products rich in potential energy –The reactants contain little energy in the beginning, but energy is absorbed from the surroundings & stored in covalent bonds of the products –Photosynthesis makes energy ( sugar) using energy in sunlight....