Exams Qa - Practical exam PDF

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Question 11 pts Although related to other fields, social psychology is distinct in that its emphasis is on Group of answer choices

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understanding the immediate situational factors that influence human behaviour.

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classifying and treating psychological disorders.

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identifying individual characteristics that are relatively stable across time.

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describing the relationship between human behaviour and societal variables.

Question 21 pts A hypothesis provides a means of ________ a theory. Group of answer choices

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testing

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proving

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generalising

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creating

Question 31 pts The disclosure made to participants after research procedures are completed, in which the researcher explains the purpose of the research, is called Group of answer choices

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informed consent.

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a post-hoc test.

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experimenter expectancy effects.

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debriefing.

Question 41 pts Implicit attitudes can be difficult to measure because Group of answer choices

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people are not aware of having them.

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physiological measures are not effective in assessing them.

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they can only be measured by direct techniques.

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they are prone to the effects of social desirability.

Question 51 pts As personal involvement regarding an issue increases, Group of answer choices

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the quality of the arguments becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.

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the credibility of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.

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the attractiveness of the speaker becomes a more important determinant of persuasion.

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the likelihood of central route persuasion decreases.

Question 61 pts A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which _____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change. Group of answer choices

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normative social influence

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physiological arousal

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self-affirmation

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an implicit attitude

Question 71 pts According to the looking-glass model of self-concept development, the selfconcept develops Group of answer choices

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from one’s physical appearance.

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from the way one is viewed by others.

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slowly, reaching its complete form only in old age.

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quickly, but is quite fragile and subject to change.

Question 81 pts Higgins’s (1979) self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an ‘actual self,’ an ‘ought self,’ and an ‘ideal self.’ According to Higgins, discrepancies between the ________ self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of ________. Group of answer choices

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ought; frustration

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ought; shame

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ideal; superiority

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ideal; hostility

Question 91 pts The desire for others to perceive us in the same way that we see ourselves is called Group of answer choices

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self-verification.

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self-enhancement.

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implicit egotism.

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self-handicapping.

Question 101 pts Everyone you know seems to love the TV show The Apprentice. You’re a huge fan of reality TV as well, as you never miss an episode of The Amazing Race, Australian Idol or Project Runway. But every time you watch The Apprentice, you have the same reaction: you hate it with a passion. According to Kelley’s (1967) covariation theory of attribution, your dislike of this show would be Group of answer choices

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high in consensus, low in distinctiveness and high in consistency.

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low in consensus, high in distinctiveness and high in consistency.

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high in consensus, high in distinctiveness and low in consistency.

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low in consensus, low in distinctiveness and low in consistency.

Question 111 pts Perceivers judge accident victims as more responsible for their fate if Group of answer choices

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the victim’s situation is very different from that of the perceiver.

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the accident is mild rather than severe.

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the perceiver is worried about threats to the self.

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the perceiver can aid the victim in some way.

Question 121 pts Vernell is being interviewed for a job. Though it isn’t really true, the interviewer suspects that Vernell is incompetent. Because the interviewer doesn’t expect much from Vernell, he sits far away from her during the interview, interrupts her frequently and seems distracted when she speaks. As a result, Vernell becomes nervous, starts to stutter and loses her train of thought several times. The interviewer’s final impression is that Vernell is, as he suspected, incompetent. This impression is most likely the result of Group of answer choices

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the trait negativity bias.

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a self-fulfilling prophecy.

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primacy effects.

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the fundamental attribution error.

Question 131 pts Bridgette thinks short people are lazy, and Barbara refuses to let short people join her book club. Bridgette is exhibiting _____, whereas Barbara is exhibiting _____. Group of answer choices

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discrimination; prejudice

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stereotyping; discrimination

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prejudice; stereotyping

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prejudice; discrimination

Question 141 pts Social categorisation is advantageous because it Group of answer choices

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leads to more accurate social perception.

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encourages us to take longer to make judgments about others.

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frees up cognitive resources.

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is generally based on realistic assumptions.

Question 151 pts The idea that, under certain conditions, direct contact between hostile groups can reduce prejudice is most consistent with Group of answer choices

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the theory of minimal groups.

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contrast effects.

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illusory correlation.

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the contact hypothesis.

Question 161 pts The primary difference between the research of Sherif (1936) and Asch (1951) is that Group of answer choices

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Sherif was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Asch was not.

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Asch was able to demonstrate conformity, whereas Sherif was not.

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Sherif relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Asch used an unambiguous task.

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Asch relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Sherif used an unambiguous task.

Question 171 pts According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _____, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their Group of answer choices

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social connections; sheer number

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informational connections; social standing

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sheer number; style of behaviour

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informational influence; normative influence

Question 181 pts The Milgram study demonstrated Group of answer choices

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the specific personality traits that predict destructive obedience to authority.

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that people will typically harm another individual with little to no social pressure to do so.

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obedience to authority is most destructive when the authority figure is particularly harsh and demanding.

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the potential for situational influences to lead ordinary people to commit extraordinarily destructive acts.

Question 191 pts Deborah has just joined a residential college at her university. She is unsure what she should wear when she goes to eat at the dining hall. Her concern reflects Deborah’s uncertainty of the Group of answer choices

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informal role

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formal role

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informal norm

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formal norm

Question 201 pts The tendency for the presence of other people to increase performance on easy tasks and impair performance on difficult tasks is known as Group of answer choices

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social loafing.

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social facilitation.

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group polarisation.

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groupthink.

Question 211 pts With regard to behaviour during social dilemmas, groups tend to be more _____ than individuals. Group of answer choices

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cooperative

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averse to risk

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gullible

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competitive

Question 221 pts Mita et al. (1977) found that female college students preferred their own mirror image to their actual appearance. This finding is consistent with Group of answer choices

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the matching hypothesis.

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mere exposure effects.

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social exchange theory.

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excitation transfer.

Question 231 pts According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, the basic components of love are Group of answer choices

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intimacy, passion and commitment.

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rewards, costs and investments.

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romance, companionship and reciprocity.

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ludus, eros and storge.

Question 241 pts Your significant other has just been short-tempered and impatient with you. Your reaction is to think, ‘Well, s/he’s had a very stressful week, so I’ll just forget that it happened.’ Your reaction would be best described as an example of Group of answer choices

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affect reciprocity.

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a relationship-enhancing attribution.

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a demand/withdraw interaction pattern.

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a depressive explanatory style.

Question 251 pts Joey and Chandler are not related to each other, yet Chandler goes out of his way to leave work early so he can give Joey a ride to the airport. Ross, who is a scientist, suggests that he can account for Chandler’s helping behaviour using an evolutionary perspective. Which concept could he cite in doing so in this case? Group of answer choices

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Kin selection

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Reciprocal altruism

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The arousal: cost-reward model

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Moral hypocrisy

Question 261 pts The bystander effect does not occur when Group of answer choices

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the bystanders are all friends.

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the bystanders are all strangers.

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the bystanders are only in one’s mind.

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the bystanders are on the Internet.

Question 271 pts Darley and Batson (1973) found that the helping behaviour of seminary students was best predicted by Group of answer choices

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how religious they were.

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the type of speech they were about to give.

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how much time they had.

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the sex of the person being helped.

Question 281 pts The defining characteristic of aggression is that the aggressor Group of answer choices

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intends to injure another living being.

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actually causes physical or psychological harm.

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is angry or otherwise emotionally aroused during the aggressive act.

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derives enjoyment from the aggressive act.

Question 291 pts Women are more likely than men to use relational aggression because women Group of answer choices

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lack direct access to wealth.

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have lower levels of testosterone.

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place more of a value on their own lives and therefore avoid risky behaviours.

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do not want to risk physically harming the father of their offspring.

Question 301 pts Research on the link between media violence and aggression has demonstrated that Group of answer choices

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exposure to violent films increases aggressive behaviour in the lab, but decreases aggressive behaviour in the field.

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violent films increase aggressiveness, but violent music videos and song lyrics do not increase aggressiveness.

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all media violence ultimately reduces aggression by providing a cathartic outlet.

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all forms of media violence appear to increase the likelihood of aggressive behaviour.

Question 311 pts Bernie is about to be attacked by the class bully, and thus is under stress. According to general adaptation syndrome, Bernie can expect Group of answer choices

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his digestive functions to accelerate.

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his stress to impede his ability to defend himself.

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higher levels of adrenaline in his bloodstream.

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local immunological defences to be activated immediately.

Question 321 pts Sue Ellen typically explains negative events using temporary, specific, external attributions. According to Seligman (1991), Sue Ellen could best be described as possessing Group of answer choices

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a Type B personality.

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hardiness.

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learned helplessness.

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optimism.

Question 331 pts Many social psychologists refer to the concept of happiness using the phrase Group of answer choices

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‘self-efficacy’.

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‘subjective well-being’.

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‘relative privation’.

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‘temporary disposition’.

Question 341 pts Wells and Bradfield (1998) found that feedback can influence an eyewitness’s confidence and memory when Group of answer choices

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he or she makes an accurate identification.

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the feedback confirms the identification.

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when the suspect is of a different race.

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the feedback disconfirms the identification.

Question 351 pts Jurors in criminal trials often fail to fully discount coerced confessions. In what sense can the fundamental attribution error explain this tendency? Group of answer choices

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People often overlook the situational factors that lead others to commit criminal acts.

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We tend to think that no situational influences could be strong enough to lead someone to confess to something they did not do.

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Jurors usually think that false confessions result from certain personality characteristics, such as passivity or lack of education.

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Few people think that they themselves would ever admit to a crime they did not commit.

Question 361 pts A newly developing country hopes to maximise its citizens’ satisfaction with its new legal system. The new leaders of this country must be sure to Group of answer choices

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afford high levels of process control.

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put the decisions in the hands of neutral experts who collect information on both sides of the issue.

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endorse an inquisitorial orientation.

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limit decision control to those who are charged.

Question 371 pts The theory behind the IAT is that Group of answer choices

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strong attitudes or evaluative biases are easily accessible within our minds.

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the stronger the evaluative bias, the less time it takes people to associate particular attributes with the attitude object.

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both (a) and (b).

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neither (a) nor (b)....