EXSS 141 Exam 2 Study Guide PDF

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Exam 2 study Guide for exam 2 with Debra Murray ...

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Ch. 2 Psychological Health and Eating Disorders https://quizlet.com/_3ay1id Contraception Slideshow https://quizlet.com/_3aynws (If anyone has additional questions they believe should be added to the Quizlet, please list them below)

Ch. 10 Sexual Anatomy and STIs https://quizlet.com/_3aypyo

Ch. 11 Infectious Diseases https://quizlet.com/_3azox2 Ch. 12 Cancer https://quizlet.com/_3b0tgw

Chapter 2  Psychological health o The broad measure of well-being that encompasses mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of health  Mental Health o The “thinking” component of psychological health  It allows you to perceive reality accurately and respond rationally and effectively  Emotional health o The subjective side of psychological health, including your feelings and moods  This influences social interaction and can affect how others interact with you  Spiritual health o A sense of connection to a larger purpose coupled with a system of core values that provide direction and meaning in life  Can include religion or a connection to nature, people, or causes  A lifelong quest for answers to big questions in life can be part of spirituality  Good psychological health o People in good psychological health usually  Express feelings in a healthy way  Practice techniques to manage conflict and stress  Focus on positive activities  Use self- and impulse-control strategies  Are empathic  Understand and fulfill personal responsibilities  Establish and maintain healthy relationships  Foundations of psychological health o Autonomy

The capacity to make informed, un-coerced personal decisions More likely to make own decisions and rely on own judgement Assertiveness  Making your needs and wants clear to others in an appropriate way Realism  The ability to perceive life as it really is so that you can rationally respond to its demands  Achieve positive outcomes through  Accepting the reality of people, institutions, and events  Realizing your own wants  Knowing your own strengths and weaknesses  Understanding your capacity for change o Self-esteem  A sense of positive self-regard  Results in elevated levels of self-respect, self-worth, selfconfidence, and self satisfaction  Health self-esteem can promote healthy, fulfilling relationships with others  Self-esteem is generally established early in life, but it is never too late to build it up o Optimism  The psychological tendency to have a positive interpretation of life’s events  Believing that positive outcomes are more likely than negative incomes, and balancing the negative with the positive, can help in a broad range of situations  Elite athletes and those with serious illnesses are both helped by a positive outlook  An optimist view on life is generally developed at a young age, but can be developed with work later in life o Prioritizing needs  Taking care of physiological and psychological needs in accordance with their urgencies  Understanding and prioritizing needs can help meet them  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Fulfilling your potential includes working through the hierarchy of all psychological needs 1. Self-actualization 2. Self-esteem 3. Love and belonging 4. Safety and security 5. Physiological needs o Communication i. Allows full participation in all types of relationships o Intimacy i. (or close relationships with others) works best in the presence of honest communication o Emotional intelligence i. The ability to accurately monitor, assess, and manage your emotions and those of others  

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Balancing emotions can help:  Increase productivity  Lessen stress  Promote overall happiness  Recognizing your own and others’ emotions can help increase emotional intelligence o Spirituality A sense of connection to something larger than yourself  Spirituality generally includes these main themes:  Everyday and clarifying values: putting beliefs into practice  Mindfulness: full awareness of each moment in life  Connectedness: a sense of harmony with yourself, others, and a higher purpose  Community: living in ways that put you in greater harmony with others Values  The internal guidelines you use to make decisions, help you form your opinions and ultimately guide your behavior  Values evolve over the course of a lifetime  Spiritual health can thrive when:  You spend time focusing on larger forces you perceive to be at work in your life (through meditation, prayer)  You recognize things in your life to be grateful for  You are altruistic 

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Handling Common Psychological Problems o All people who wrestle with challenges to psychological health to some degree at various points in their lives o There are generally steps that can be taken to increase feelings of positivity and control. o Challenges can include shyness, loneliness, anger, or a bad mood.

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Psychological disorders o When emotions and/or irrational thoughts interfere with the performance and quality of daily living activities o Mental disorders  Significant behavioral and psychological disorders the  Disrupt thoughts and feelings  Impair ability to function  Increase risk of pain, disability, even death  More than 1 in 4 U.S. adults are affected every year.  Many people suffer from more than one disorder at a given time.  Causes  Past or current experiences  Extreme stress  Illness  Trauma  Mental health can also be disrupted or impaired by  Chemical imbalances  Genetic factors

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 Alcohol or drugs Depressive Disorders  Depression is most commonly characterized by sadness  It is usually temporary and in reaction to an event or loss.  A depressive disorder is usually characterized by profound, long-term sadness or loss of interest that interferes with daily life and normal functioning.  About 8% of adult Americans suffer from a depressive disorder every year.  They often occur in conjunction with anxiety disorders and substance abuse.  In addition to lasting sadness, symptoms include  Feeling slowed down or lacking energy.  Feeling helpless, hopeless, meaningless, or “empty”.  Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.  Social withdrawal and loss of interest in school, work, or activities.  Difficulty thinking or making decisions.  Sleep disturbances.  Changes in eating habits.  Feelings of restlessness or irritability.  Recurring thoughts of death or suicide.  Types of depressive disorders  Major depressive disorder (major depression):  Experiencing 5 or more symptoms of depression, including either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, for at least two weeks straight.  It can prevent normal functioning and can interfere with all aspects of life and relationships.  More than 6% of American adults experience a major depression in a given year.  Dysthymic disorder (dysthymia): A milder, chronic, less common type of depressive disorder that lasts two years or more in adults.  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): A depressive disorder caused by fewer hours of daylight during the winter months.  Often treated with light therapy.  Causes of depressive disorders  Reasons for depressive disorders tend to be complex and interrelated.  Genetics or learned behaviors can contribute to depression passing to generations of a family.  Physical or biochemical problems can affect moods.  External factors can contribute: traumatic events, grief, financial problems, stress, substance abuse. o Depression in Men and Women  More women (approximately 12 million) than men (about 6 million) suffer from depressive disorders in a given year.  Causes and symptoms vary between the sexes.  Until adolescence, the sexes experience depressive disorders at the same rate. o Depression in Women

Chapter 11- Infectious Disease and Immunity  Infectious terms o Infection- invasion of body tissues by microorganisms that use the body’s environment to multiply and spread disease o Pathogen- agent that causes disease o Host- person, plant, or animal in which or on which pathogens live and reproduce o Carrier- person infected with a pathogen who does not show symptoms but who is infectious o Reservoir- natural environment for any particular pathogen, where it accumulates in large numbers

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Chain of infection o Pathogen --> reservoir --> portal of exit --> transmission --> portal of entry --> new host...