Fallacy Study Guide PHI 105 UNV 104 PDF

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Summary

Fallacy study guide. Grand canyon University. PHI 105. UNV 104...

Description

Fallacy Study Guide (Flash Cards) Using the Logical Fallacies Media piece (located in “Topic 3 Study Materials” tab) create flash cards to help you study for the fallacy quiz in Topic 4. To do so, fill in a definition and an example on each fallacy card below. After you have submitted this completed document to your instructor for a grade, you can print it out, cut out each fallacy card, and fold them in half to study with. Reference for Logical Fallacies Media Piece: Grand Canyon University (2012). Logical Fallacies. Retrieved from: https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi105/fallacies-website/fallacies-website-v1.1.html

Appeal to Ignorance

Hasty Generalization

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: this fallacy states that it must be true because it has been proven to be false.

Enter definition here: A hasty generalization is when a conclusion is made from little information.

Enter example here: Sasquatch is real because they have not proven he’s not real.

Enter example here: For example, cancer was around before cigarettes, so smoking does not cause cancer.

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Either/Or

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: Because this happened, this was caused by that. Sounds like bad luck almost.

Enter definition here: “Black and white thinking”, only giving you two options on an issue, when more exist.

Enter example here: My team was losing until I found my lucky hat, now they are winning because of my lucky hat,

Enter example here: You can either eat healthy or be overweight.

Composition

Extravagant Hypothesis

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: This is the assumption that just because part of a whole is true, it is true for all of it. Enter example here: The cinderblocks weigh 10lbs, so the wall must weight 10lbs.

Enter definition here: Often used in conspiracy theories, where a radical explanation is used rather, when the simplest answer is more likely. Enter example here: The lights in the sky are UFOs, not planes.

Appeal to Authority

Slippery Slope

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: Something must be true because a professional or person in authority said it is.

Enter definition here: This fallacy is like catastrophizing. Basically, laying out a series of the worst possible events.

Enter example here: This toothpaste will make my teeth brighter, my cardiologist said so.

Enter example here: Forgetting your wallet, getting pulled over, then not having any identification, going to jail, losing your job, getting a warrant because I am unable to pay my court fees, and end up staying in jail.

Division

Circular Reasoning

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: It is assuming on part of something to be true, so every part of that is true to.

Enter definition here: Talking in circles, the point is just reinstated rather than proven.

Enter example here: Pitbull’s are violent; therefore, all dogs are violent.

Enter example here: I have to save money to pay my bills because my bills need to be paid.

Is/Ought {Fold Here}

Appeal to Tradition {Fold Here}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: Because things are a certain way they should always be that way.

Enter definition here: It is true because it has always been that way.

Enter example here: Serving alcohol at restaurants is legal so I ought to be able to drive after having one.

Enter example here: Gay marriage shouldn’t be legal because it is between men and women.

False Analogy

Bandwagon Appeal

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter definition here: there are similarities between two things, so there must be more similarities. Enter example here: Joe and Jack both like baseball, therefore they both must like football too.

Enter definition here: Similar to peer pressure, because something is being done by everyone else or is popular, I should do it too. Enter example here: I need to cut my hair because all the other girls have their hair this way....