File Formats-Color Modes-Quiz Prep PDF

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File%Formats%

File%Extension:!is!a!suffix!at!the!end!of!a!computer!filename.!It!tells!the!computer!what!kind!of program!to!use!to!open!it.!Extensions!are!formulated!with!a!period,!then!the!extension,!such!as!.jpeg! – It!works!like!this:!name%of%file.extension!or!nameoffile.psd!(the!period!before!the!extension!separates the!file!name!from!the!extension.) Microsoft!and!Macintosh!allow!you!to!change!these.!So!it’s!important!to!be!careful!when!naming!files!not! tamper!with!the!extension.!If!you!just!rename!the!extension,!the!computer!will!not!know!how!to!open!the! file,!unless!the!file!is!already!in!the!format!you!are!naming!it!to.!! When!choosing!“Save!As”!use!the!“format”!dialog!to!choose!which!format!you!want.!This!will!put!the! proper!extension!on!automatically.!This!changes!the!file!to!the!appropriate!format!so!it!will!be!able!to!be! opened!in!the!correct!format.!

Bitmap:!A!file!composed!of!pixels!(collection!of!“bits”).!These!are!sometimes!called!Raster%Images (hence!rasterizing!a!vector!image!means!turning!it!to!a!bitmap).!These%can%be%very%large%files! depending!on!how!much!data!they!hold!–!large!photos,!large!files.!Best!for!photos!and!art!with!many! tones.!Resolution%dependent.!Resolution%is%measured%in%pixels%per%inch%(or%dots%per%inch,%dpi%for% printing)!! Files%that%support%bitmap:%.JPEG,%.TIF,%.PSD%(Photoshop),%.BMP%(Bitmap),%.GIF,%.EPS%(Encapsulated% Postscript),%.PDF%(Acrobat),%.PICT.!

Vector:!A!file!composed!of!lines!and!Bezier!curves.!Great!for!logos,!graphics,!typography. Typographic!fonts!are!essentially!vectorMlike!files.!No%Resolution.!Can!be!enlarged!or!reduced!without! loss!or!pixilation.!File%formats%that%support%vector:%.AI%(Illustrator),%.PSD%(Photoshop),%.PDF% (Acrobat),%.EPS%(Encapsulated%Postscript).%InDesign%has%vector%capabilities%as%well.!

Photoshop%Supported%

.PSD%–%Photoshop%Document:!used!for!Adobe%Photoshop%master%or%working%documents.!It supports!all!the!Photoshop!functions.!File%size%can%be%large.! It%can%be%imported%into%most%Adobe%programs.!Photoshop!.PSD!file!format!is!a!standard%in%the% graphics%industry.!In!addition!to!the!Adobe!Creative!Suite,!many!nonMAdobe!programs!can!also!read!the! PSD!format:!Autodesk!Sketchbook,!3ds%Max,!The!GIMP,!Microsoft!Expression!Design,!etc.!However,!the! average!desktop!computer!or!iPad!will!not!have!the!ability!to!open!it.!Therefore,!sending!Photoshop!files! to!your!mother!may!be!counterproductive.!! Not%useable%for%the%Internet.% Your%MASTER%Copy%for%photos%or%photoshop%documents%should%be%PSD.%TIF!can!be!used,!but!PSD! supports!all!the!Photoshop!functions.!It’s!better!to!use!the!TIF!format!for!your!flattened!version!(layers! flattened!to!reduced!file!size)!that!will!go!into!print!documents.!Save!a!Master!Copy!in!the!“unflattened”!

state!to!preserve!the!layers!and!masks!for!future!adjustments.!Once!you!flatten!your!file,!it!cannot!be! undone.! ! !

.JPEG%–%Joint%Photographic%Expert%Group:!Most%widely%used%format%for%sharing%and%viewing%image% files.%Most%Cameras%use%this%format.!Supports!24Tbit%color,%has%around%16.7%million%colors.! ! It%is%a%lossy%format%in%that%it%compresses%images,%which%means%it%removes%some%of%the%image% information%each%time.%These%will%degenerate%with%each%reTsaving.%% ! *It!is!best!to!save!a!JPEG!as!a!PSD!or!TIF!as!an!original,!this!will!keep!the!quality.! ! Mostly!it!is!convenient.!It!is!easily!read!with!most!computer!programs.! ! Works%well%on%the%Internet% !! %

.TIF%–%Tagged%Image%Format%File:!This!is!a!bitmap!file!and!supports!most!of!Photoshop’s!functions.!It% supports%transparency.!It!is!also!Lossless,!therefore!it!is!a!good!choice!for!archiving!images.!Large%file.! ! It’s!best!to!use!PSD!for!the!master!Photoshop!file!with!all!the!layers!intact.!Use!the!TIF!with!the!layers! flattened!to!reduce!the!file!size.!! ! TIF!is!a!standard%for%printed%documents.!It!is!losing!popularity!with!the!ability!of!InDesign!to!support! PSD!and!PDF!files.! ! Not%usable%for%the%Internet%% ! ! .PNG%–%Portable%Network%Graphics:!Developed!to!replace!GIF!file,!while!this!hasn’t!happened! entirely,!it!has!become!a!better!option!than!JPEG.!It!improves!on!JPEG!because!PNG!is!lossless!and!has! 48Tbit%color%with%more%than%1%billion%colors!(More!than!JPEG!or!GIF).!However,!it!still!is!not!as!widely! supported!as!JPEG.!Older!browsers!do!not!support!PNG,!however!that!is!changing!as!technology!is!forced! to!move!forward.! ! PNG!compresses!files,!but!without!loss!of!information,!hence!lossless.!! Supports%transparency!% ! Excellent%for%Internet!and!Keynote!or!Powerpoint!presentations.! ! !

.GIF%–%Graphics%Interchange%Format:!Older!than!JPEG.!Created!to!be!used!on!the!web.!GREAT%FOR% GRAPHICS.!Good!for!banners!and!buttons,!especially!if!they!contain!solid!areas!of!color.!Loads!quickly!on! screen.!Supports%256%colors,!far!less!than!JPEG!or!PNG.!The%lack%of%colors%means%it%does%not%work% well%for%photos.!Good!for!simple!animations.!! ! GIF%Supports%Transparency%but%only%one%level,%which%results%in%harsh%edges.%PNG%better%choice.% %

GIF%was%designed%for%Internet%Graphics%

.EPS%–%Encapsulated%PostScript:!A!print!industry!standard!that!is!on!the!decline.!Not%traditional image%files%in%that%they%contain%information%for%the%printer%on%how%to%reproduce%the%image.!These! can!be!imported!into!most!page!layout!programs.!But!they!are!locked!(encapsulated)!and!can!only!be! altered!using!Photoshop.!You!will!probably!not!use!this!one,!unless!you!are!working!with!a!printer!who! wants!them.!Compatible!with!Photoshop,!Illustrator,!InDesign.!

.PDF%–%Portable%Document%Format:!for!viewing!and!sharing!electronic!documents.!Now!a!standard for!printing.!It!supports!and!preserves!all!Photoshop!features.!Supported!by!Photoshop!and!Adobe! Illustrator.! Not%useable%for%the%Internet,%except%as%a%download.%

.AI%–%Adobe%Illustrator:%Working!file!for!Illustrator.!It!allows!all!Illustrator!functions.!It!is!a!VECTOR format,!in!that!is!uses!postscript!to!create!the!lines!and!shapes,!NOT!pixels.!Therefore!there!is!NO% RESOLUTION,!so!it!can!be!enlarged!or!reduced!to!any!size!and!still!maintain!it’s!integrity.!Smaller%than% Bitmap%format%files.! Adobe%Illustrator%supports%PDF%format.!PDF!will!support!the!layers!and!most!functions!and!can!be! reworked!if!needed.! Illustrator%files%can%be%exported%to%Photoshop%preserving%layers.!

See next page for Color Modes Study Sheet...

Color%Modes%–%Print%vs.%Computer%Screen% ! Color%Printing:% Color!printing!for!offset!or!Laser!printers!it!done!with!four!colors:!Cyan,!Magenta,! Yellow!and!Black,!or!CMYK.! ! When!printing!brochures,!posters,!and!color!publications,!the!photos!need!to!be! converted!to!this!format.! ! RGB%(Red,%Green,%Blue)!is!used!by!most!cameras!for!internet!and!computer!screen! work.! ! RGB!Additive!Color!Mode:!Background!or!screen!is!black,!light!adds!color!to!black.! Individual!LEDs!light!up!in!varying!intensity!to!create!colors.!! ! •!Developed!to!use!for!computer!screens!where!light!is!necessary.! ! •!For!use!on!the!web! •!It!has!greater!range!of!colors!than!CMYK.! ! ! CMYK%(Cyan,%Magenta,%Yellow,%Black)!is!often!called!Process!Color!and!is!used!for! printing.! ! CMYK!Subtractive!Color!Mode:!Background!or!paper!is!white.!Ink!subtracts!from!the! whiteness!of!paper.!! •!Great!for!printing!catalogs,!brochures!and!image!heavy!pieces.! •!Many!different!color!combinations!are!possible! •!Cost!effective!for!printing!in!color!as!you!need!only!4!to!make!a!full!range!of! colors.! ! PMS%(Pantone%matching%system)!Developed!to!help!printers!and!customers! specify!colors.!(Like!preNmixed!paint.)!Used!by!brands!to!be!consistent!in!color.! • Consistency!across!all!jobs!and!printers! • Referenced!in!a!Pantone!swatch!book.!Adobe!supports!PMS.! • Can!print!metallic!colors! • Good!for!1N3!color!designs!with!no!photos!(Photos!must!be!printed!using! CMYK!process)! ! ! Working%with%CMYK%and%Pantone:%% Beware:!What!you!see!on!the!monitor!is!not!what!it!will!look!like!printed.!! ! Therefore!adjustments!are!made!to!photos!to!allow!for!Dot!Gain!in!printing!(in! offset!lithography!halftone!dots!will!increase!in!size!due!to!ink!coverage!and!result! in!darker!images!than!intended).!! !...