Filipino Psychology PDF

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Kahulugan:  Sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyo ng Pilipino, batay sa kabuuang paggamit ng kultura at wikang Pilipino.  It is an Indigenous Psychology.  The scientific study o the ethnicity, society and culture of a person and the application to psychological practice of indi...

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Sikolohiyang Pilipino  When Enriquez returned to the Kahulugan: Philippines in 1971, he embarked on a  Sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, research study with Lagmay into the kaisipan, at oryentasyo ng Pilipino, batay sa kabuuang paggamit ng historical and cultural roots of kultura at wikang Pilipino. Philippine Psychology; which included  It is an Indigenous Psychology. identifying indigenous concepts and  The scientific study o the ethnicity, approaches. society and culture of a person and  Four years later, he chaired the First the application to psychological National Conference on Filipino practice of indigenous knowledge Psychology. In this conference, the rooted in the person’s ethnic heritage ideas, concepts and formulations of and consciousness. Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. The Psychology of, about and for the  Pagdating ng mga Amerikano Filipinos o Ibinahagi nila nag edukasyon  Psychology as an academic o Nagsagawa ng mga IQ Test, discipline in the Philippines started in Personality Test sa mga Pilipino. the early 1900s when the US  Application of concepts and colonized the country. measurements which are not appropriate  Scientifically, it was generally viewed in a particular culture (or context) may as continuation of the result to an incorrect interpretation of development of Psychology in the one’s behavior and thinking. West.  Kung gayon: dapat ay naaayon sa  In the early 1970s, however, there kontekstong ginagalawan ng isang came a turning point in the lives of indibidwal. Filipinos. It was a period marked by a o Konteksto: high degree of nationalism, brought Kultura (Culture) about by the declaration of the Martial Lipunan (Society) Law.  Ang mga pagpapahalaga at  It was ironic that the Father of pinahahalagahan sa isang kultura ay Philippine Psychology was at the maaaring makita sa wika. time a recent Ph.D. Graduate of Northwestern University in the US. Virgilio Enriquez  It was precisely his Western education  Also known as: Doc E. that made Sikolohiyang Pilipino  Father of Filipino Psychology founder Virgilio Enriquez realize the need to have a psychology based on Tatlong Anyo ng Sikolohiya the experience, ideas, and orientation 1. Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas of the Filipinos. 2. Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino  Together with 3 other colleagues – 3. Sikolohiyang Pilipino Prospero Covar (Anthropologist), Zeus Salazar (Historian), and Alfredo Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas Lagmay (Psychologist) - they helped  Psychology in the Philippines establish the foundation for a  It refers to a series of events related to Psychology of and for the Filipinos. the field of Psychology in the  Enriquez had been a professor of Philippines (e.g. number of degree Psychology in the University of the programs and journals, the amount of Philippines in Diliman in 1963, but left research conducted) in 1966 for the US to pursue a Ph.D in  Ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang Social Psychology. From there, he anyo ng Sikolohiya sa kontekstong watched the disenchantment of young Pilipino. students activists in the Philippines  Halimbawa: Ang aklat na galing sa over the deteriorating political and ibang bansa at inilagay sa isang silidsocial conditions of the country. aklatan dito sa Pilipinas ay maaring maging isang bahagi na ng silid-

Sikolohiyang Pilipino aklatang iyon. Kaya ito ay may  Ibang Tao (other people). kinalaman sa kabuuang sikolohiya ng  Hindi Ibang Tao (“one-of-us”) ating bansa kasama na ang mag sariling sikolohiya at ang sikolohiya na Ibang Tao (Outsider) nadala ng dayuhan sa bansang Binubuo ng limang saklaw: Pilipinas maging ito man ay sa anong Pakikitungo Civility paraan at anyo. Pakikisalamuha Act of mixing Pakikilahok Act of joining Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino Pakikibagay Conformity  Psychology of Filipinos Pakikisama Being united with the  It refers to any theories or knowledge group of Filipino nature regardless of source, western or local. Pakikitungo (Civility) – In Confucian  Ang Palasak na anyo sapagkat ethics, right behavior meant right pinakakaraniwan o madaling makita. demeanor towards authorities. (Parents,  Halimbawa: Ang Pilipinas ay binubuo Elders etc.) ng iba’t ibang pangkat etniko kung Pakikisalamuha (Act of mixing) – This is saan may kanyan- kanyang social value that is primarily nakaugaliang mga kultura kung kaya’t communitarian and Confucian. It itong nagkakaiba’t-ibang pangkat espouses the ability to adapt. etniko ng Pilipinas ay ang bumubuo sa Pakikilahok (Act of joining) – This tinutukoy na Sikolohiya ng mga translates to participation of the entire Pilipino. community to help a person. Pakikibagay (Conformity) – This runs into Sikolohiyang Pilipino conflict with individuality which many  Filipino Psychology Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in  It refers to a psychology based on the favor of conformity with demands of Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings, those who are in charge. behaviors and must derive from Pakikisama – being united with the group. indigenous Filipino sources.  Nilalayong anyo ng sikolohiya sa Hindi Ibang Tao ("one-of-us") Pilipinas. Binubuo ng tatlong saklaw:  Sikolohiyang bunga ng KARANASAN, Pakikipagpalagayang Act of mutual trust KAISIPAN AT ORYENTASYONG PILIPINO. -loob (KKO) Pakikisangkot Act of joining others  Halimbawa: Ang isang kulturang Pakikipagkaisa Being one with ipinaiiral ng isang pamilya sa kanilang others tahanan ay ang batayan sa b. Pivotal Interpersonal Value Sikolohiyang Pilipino na nagbibigay ng o Pakiramdam matatag na katunayan sa  Shared inner perceptions. pagkakaroon ng sariling kultura na  Filipinos use damdam or the tinutukoy dito. inner perception of NOTE: others’ emotions, as a Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas  Bisita sa bahay basic tool to guide his Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino  Tao sa bahay dealings with other people. Sikolohiyang Pilipino  May bahay c. Linking Socio-personal Value o Kagandahang-Loob Basic Tenets  Shared humanity a. Core Value or Kapwa - 'Togetherness', is the core  This refers to being able to construct of Filipino Psychology. help other people in dire - Kapwa refers to community; not need due to a perception of doing things alone. - Kapwa has two categories

Sikolohiyang Pilipino being together as a part of o Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person one Filipino humanity. judges his own worth. d. Accommodative Surface Values Katarungan: justice, this actually refers to equity in giving rewards to a person.  Loosely translated as Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Iron shyness by most Western ically, this may clash with less important Hiya psychologists value of pakikisama or pakikibagay  Hiya is actually sense of (conformity) propriety.  Norm of Reciprocity Approaches and Methods  Filipinos are expected by  In Filipino Psychology are different their neighbors to return from that of Western Psychology. In favors-—whether these Utang na Loob Filipino Psychology, the subjects or were asked for or not— participants called kalahok, are -when it is needed or considered as equal in status to the wanted. researcher.  “Smooth Interpersonal  The participants are included in the Relationship (SIR)” as Pakikisama research as a group, and not as coined by Lynch and individuals – hence, an umpakan, or Pakikipagkapw  This attitude is primarily natural cluster, is required to serve as guided by conformity with a the participants, per se. The the majority. researcher is introduced to a natural cluster by a tulay (bridge) who is a e. Confrontive Surface Values part of the umpukan and is a well “Fatalistic passiveness” respected man in the community. describes the Filipino way of life, in which, he Some of the approaches and methods is determined to do his used in Filipino Psychology are: best, hence the term 1. Pakikipagkwentuhan – In this Bahala na bahala na, which method, the researcher engages in a actually came from the story-telling with an umpukan. The phrase bathalan na, researcher merely serves as the meaning I will do all my facilitator, while the kalahok, or best, let God take care participants are the one who are to of the rest. talk. The term kwento from the  Characterized by being Spanish word cuento literally means courageous in the midst to tell a story. Lakas ng loob of problems and 2. Panunuluyan – In this method, the uncertainties. researcher stays in the home of his  It means concurrent kalakok or participant while he clashes. conducts the research with consent by  It refers to the ability of the host family, whose head serves as Pakikibaka the Filipino to undertake the tulay to an umpukan. The term revolutions and tuloy which is the root word of the uprisings against a term panunuluyan, literally means to common enemy. go in. f. Societal Values 3. Pagdadalaw-dalaw – In this method, Karangalan: dignity, this actually refers the researcher occasionally visits the to what other people see in a person and house of his host as opposed to how they use that information to make a staying in the house. stand or judge about his/her worth. 4. Pagtatanung-tanong - In this o Puri: the external aspect of dignity. method, the researcher undergoes a May refer to how other people judge kind of questioning session with his a person of his/her worth. kalahok or participants. However,

Sikolohiyang Pilipino “lead questions” are not supposed to Filipinos which are for the most part, less be asked, instead the questions to be violent. asked are supposed to have been derived from the kalahok’s answers Psycho-medicine and Faith Healers  Filipino psychomedicine or sikomedikal na themselves. The word tanong literally sikolohiya in Filipino, is the application of means question. basic psychology to native healing 5. Pakikiramdam – In this approach, the practices loosely considered as medicine. researcher uses entirely his/her own These practices are closely tied to the feelings or emotions to justify if his faith healers as well as to the native participants or kalahok are ready to be pagan priestesses like the babaylan or part of his research or not. The term katalonan who were suppressed by the damdam literally means inner Spaniards during their colonization of the perception of emotions. Philippines.  Examples of such practices include: Psychopathology 1. Hilot – The use of massage to aid a  Filipino Psychopathology or pregnant mother in the delivery of her Sikopatolohiya in Filipino, from Spanish child. word Psicopatologia is the study of 2. Kulam – Hex or bewitchment. abnormal psychology in the Filipino 3. Lihi – An intense craving for context. something or someone during o Several mental disorders have pregnancy. Faith Healers or been identified that culturemanghihilot testify that if the craving bound syndromes and can Is not satisfied, abnormality of the therefore be found only in the child may result. Philippines or in other societies 4. Pasma – A concept that explains how with which Filipinos share cultural heat and cold together can result in connections. illness, especially rheumatism.  Examples of such are: 5. Susto – Soul-fight. Derived from Latin 1. Amok – Malayan Mood Disorder, more American traditions. aptly called Austronesian Mood Disorder in which a person suddenly loses control of himself and goes into >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> a killing frenzy, after which he/she >>>>>>>>>> hallucinates and falls into a trance. What is Filipino Psychology? After she/he wakes up, she/he has  It is an Indigenous Psychology. absolutely no memory of the event.  The scientific study of the ethnicity, 2. Bangungot – A relatively common society and culture of a people and occurrence in which a person suddenly the application to psychological loses control of his/her respiration and practice of indigenous knowledge digestion, and falls into a coma and rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage ultimately to death. The person is and consciousness. believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of his death. Distinctions among the forms of Psychology This syndrome has been repeatedly in the Philippines linked to Thailand’s Brugada  Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas syndrome and to the ingestion of rice. o Psychology in the Philippines Manifestation of Universal Mental  Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino o Psychology of Filipinos Disorders  Filipino psychopathology also refers to the  Sikolohiyang Pilipino different manifestations of mental o Filipino Psychology disorders in Filipino people. On example of such is the manifestation of Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas depression and schizophrenia in  Psychology in the Philippines

Sikolohiyang Pilipino Refers to a series of events o Social awareness and related to the field of psychology involvement in the Philippines. o Psychology of language and o (e.g. number of degree programs culture and journals, the amount of o Applications & bases of Filipino research conducted) psychology o Ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang o (health practices, agriculture, art, anyo ng sikolohiya sa religion) kontekstong Pilipino. Primary areas of protests of Sikolohiyang Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino Pilipino  Psychology of Filipinos  It is against: o Refers to any theories or o A psychology that perpetuates knowledge of Filipino nature the colonial status of the Filipino regardless of source, Western or mind. local. o A psychology used for the o Ang palasak na anyo sapagkat exploitation of the masses. pinakakaraniwan o madaling o The imposition of psychologies makita. developed in foreign countries. o

Sikolohiyang Pilipino  Filipino Psychology o Refers to a psychology based on the Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings, behaviors and must derive from indigenous Filipino sources, language, and methods. o Ang nilalayong anyo, sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan at oryentasyong Pilipino Limits of Western Concepts & Methods  Issue o Applicability of the Western theories and principles taught as well as the research concepts and methods used in the Philippine setting. o The limits of Western social research methods in rural Philippines: The need for innovation. o The limits of applicability of Western concepts, values and methods in the social sciences to the concrete realities of Asian societies. Sikolohiyang Pilipino from a movement to an academic discipline  Principal emphasis in psychology o Identity and national consciousness

Positions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino  On psychological practice  Conceptualization of psychological practice in a Philippine context (industriya vs. kabuhayan; klinika vs. kalusugan).  Concerned with folk practices, indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements.  On Science – Humanism issue  Utilizes scientific methodology in the study of psychological phenomena  Concerned not only with the universal validity of psychological science but also in utilizing such for the purpose of serving the interest of all mankind, affording protection to the disadvantaged.  On Mentalism - Behaviorism issue  Uses both phenomenological & behavioristic concepts, but lesser emphasis on individual experience and greater emphasis on the collective experience.  Attaches greater importance to kamalayan, subsidiary importance to ulirat.

Sikolohiyang Pilipino  On Analysis – Wholeness Issue  Indigenous Psychology  Methodologically leans on the  kinagisnan and katutubong side of analysis but interprets sikolohiya. the result of analysis with a bias  Psychology of Filipinos  Perceived ethnic traits, as for wholeness (Social context, observed by foreigners or as felt political implications, cultural and expressed by Filipinos. meaning of the study).  The practice of psychology by Filipinos  Techniques of enculturation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a ‘taong-bahay’ socialization.  Metaphor Psychology: The Filipino Tradition  Sikolohiyang Pilipino can be explained through a metaphor: Ethnic Psychology (a characteristic way of clarifying 1. Kinagisnang Sikolohiya concepts) – difference between  The subconscious psychology tao sa bahay (person in the imbedded in the native house) and taong-bahay (house language, art, music, culture person). and religion (one has been born into; unaware). Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a call  E.g: kaluluwa at ginhawa  For the exercise of care in the 2. Katutubong sikolohiya adoption of foreign theories,  Psychology worked out by “uncritical rejection is just as Filipinos with indigenous dangerous as uncritical acceptance of elements as basis (innate to the Western theories”. Filipino)  For example: psychological problems  E.g. Kartilya of the Katipunan, are the same anywhere however, the Jose Rizal, Hermano Pule, sources of such problems differ Isabelo de los Reyes. greatly.  Katutubong sikolohiya and Kinagisnang sikolohiya Lines of filiations in Philippine Psychological constitute Katutubong thought sikolohiya. o Academic-scientific psychology: 3. Psychology of Filipinos Western  Based on mainly Western o Academic-philosophical psychology: system of thought e.g. Spanish: Clergy Pigafetta’s quite objective o Ethnic psychology: Indigenous observation of the Filipinos in psychology the Visayas (impressed by o Psycho-medical system: Religion them); American: Worcester’s cohesive element and explanation. view of the Filipinos as distinct ethnic groups different from one Psychology: The Western Tradition another as Christian and non Academic-scientific psychology: Christian (pagans and Moros). o Wilhelm Wundt, the German 4. Practice of psychology by Filipinos: tradition University of the a) Indigenous techniques of Philippines (1908) & other enculturation/ socialization, e.g. American traditional schools myths for social control, or as  Academic-philosophical psychology: affected by Christianity or Islam. o Thomistic philosophy and b) Proto-clinical practice, e.g. psychology tagapayo, manghuhula, ancient University of Santo Tomas techniques of group therapy (1611) that are still present (alternating chants during wakes, poetry, Ethnic Psychology: Native Psychological consensus). thought

Sikolohiyang Pilipino o Social interaction expressing our 5. Psycho-medical system: religion as cohesive element and explanation. thoughts and feelings. a) (1565) Babaylan or Catalonan o Spoken language from bodily gestures techniques of healing; disease to linguistic acts specialized speech theory, causation, therapy. apparatus primary medium of b) (1650) Messianic movements communication. c) (1730) Herbolaryo d) (1900) Espiritista Thinking & Language o Interdependence of knowledge & Filipino Psychological Knowledge language, i.e. the thinking process  Filipino Language cannot work independently of  Use as a tool for language. identifying/rediscovering o Language is not a neutral system of indigenous concepts signs nor is it value-free, i.e. it is  E.g. study of diwa (psyche), refers partisan to the values, perspectives, to the wealth of ideas implied by and rules of cognition of a particular the philosophical concept of class or society. “essence”. Language, history, and Socio-economicFilipino Language cultural life  “Enriquez does his theorizing in o Specific historical features and socioFilipino and does his writing in Pilipino; economic-cultural conditions shape merely as a heuristic device, a the thinking and language of a people, discovery procedure… returning to the giving distinctive meanings and value ‘deep structure’ of the language… judgments to their words. Enriquez worked in an area where o Indigenous language, genuine vehicle Filipinos are most adept, where the of the innermost thoughts and language has a rich vocabulary of intimate feelings of a people bound by feeling and sentiment.” a common historical heritage and a specific socio-economic-cultural Language: A Heuristic Tool environment.  Methods: a) Ethnography Psychological Concepts and Human Behavior b) Language Analysis o The formation of psychological c) Semantics concepts is the more important stage d) Introspection in the entire process of understanding  Language provided the instrument to human behavior. refine the tools of research so as to o These concepts lay the foundation for discover categories and subcategories the formation of indigenous which would be lost to a Western psychological theories and models of English-speaking researcher. analysis that correspond more fully to Filipino, the Philippine lingua...