Filipino psychology notes sikolohiyang pilipino PDF

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J. L. H; BLEPP 2019FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY NOTESSikolohiyang Pilipino o Anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective o Its ultimate aim is to contribute to universal psychology o The principal emphasis is to foster national identity and consciousness, social invo...

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FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY NOTES Sikolohiyang Pilipino o Anchored on Filipino thought and experience perspective o Its ultimate aim is to contribute to universal o The principal emphasis is to foster national social involvement, and psychology of language

as understood from a Filipino psychology identity and consciousness, and culture.

o Its philosophical antecedents include: (a) empirical philosophy, academic-scientific psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of language; (b) rational philosophy, the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic philosophy and psychology; and (c) liberalism, the Philippine propaganda movement, the writings of Philippine heroes Jacinto, Mabini and del Pilar, ethnic psychology. o As principal methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino encourages: Cross-indigenous method multi-method multi-language approach appropriate field methods total approach (triangulation method)

BRIEF HISTORY OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY In the Philippines, Psychology as an academic discipline has been introduced during the early 1900s under the American Occupation. In 1970s, Virgilio G. Enriquez ignited the rise of Filipino Psychology as an indigenous viewpoint in Psychology by questioning the validity of using the western psychological concepts advocating for “Sikolohiyang Pilipino” that would be based in the experiences, ideas, and orientations of the Filipinos. After the sudden demise of Enriquez in 1994, the field of Filipino Psychology suffered from the danger of being discontinued since none of his followers appeared ready to fill in his shoes, but still, Filipino Psychology thrived and rose to popularity. BASIC ORIENTATIONS 1.Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (Psychology in the Philippines) 2.Sikolohiya Pilipino (Psychology Filipinos)

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3. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology)

INDIGENIZATION J. L. H; BLEPP 2019

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The general form of psychology in the Philippine context Can be viewed in the history of Psychology as a widespread discipline.

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The science of theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether from a local or a foreign perspective

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Can be viewed experiences.

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Defined as the indigenous and unique form of psychology that the Psychology in the Philippine aims to arrive at.

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Can be viewed through the interaction of the pure and unique Filipino culture as well as the Filipino culture as influenced by foreign cultures.

in

Filipino

culture

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- Aims to re-examine and develop several of the psychological theories that were proposed as though they were universally applicable.

o

o

Indigenization from within Indigenous research utilizing the local’s own methods to elicit and study culturespecific social behaviors. Cultural revalidation is a better since ‘indigenization’ is erroneous.

J. L. H; BLEPP 2019

term

o

Indigenization from without Research studies applying western theoretical models and methodologies to the local setting.

FOUR FILIATIONS OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (Zeus A. Salazar) Salazar (1985) traced the history of Philippine psychological thought and identified four separate historical threads or “filiations” across Philippine historical time. The following were his findings: FOUR TRADITIONS 1. Academic-scientific psychology (Akademiko-Siyentipikal na Sikolohiya)

2. Academic-philosophical psychology (Akademiko-Pilosopiya na Sikolohiya)

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The Western tradition Coincided with the birth of scientific psychology (German tradition) in 1876, and the entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities

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The Western (mainly clerical) tradition Pursued by the University of Santo Tomas and later other schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers and the Jesuits An aspect of philosophy continued in the tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology Major basis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino for integrating academic scientific and academic-philosophical tradition into a national tradition of Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. Includes the following: Indigenous psychology - common to the Filipinos, culled from language, culture, literature, etc., psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis) Psychology of Filipinos - as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by Filipinos The practice of psychology by Filipinos Normal techniques of enculturation or socialization, and protoclinical practice.

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3. Ethnic psychology (Taal na Sikolohiya)

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4. Psycho-medical system with religion (Sikolohiyang Siko-Medikal)

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Cohesive element and explanation Religion is the sole basis and explanation of psychology and medicine.

INTERNALITY-EXTERNALITY (Zeus A. Salazar) Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality:

Dangal

INTERNAL - Honor from knowledge of worth,

within – one’s true character,

Puri

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EXTERNAL Honor which is physical (i.e. bestowed through compliments or applauses)

achievement and success

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Ligaya

Saya

Timpi

Pigi l Dama

Damdam 1. Core Value/Kapwa

Virginity which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women

BASIC TENETS IN FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY - Defined as togetherness and has two categories:  Ibang Tao (“Outsider”) o Pakikitungo (transaction/civility) – right behaviour meant right demeanor towards authorities o

Pakikisalamuha (interaction with) ability to adapt in social situations

o

Pakikilahok (joining/participating) – participation of the community to help a person Pakikibagay (in-conformity with/in accord with) – being willing to throw one’s own individuality away in favour of conforming towards other people

o

–

o

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Pakikisama (being along with) – being united with the group Hindi-Ibang Tao (“One-of-us) o Pakikipagpalagayang-loob – being in rapport, acceptance, or understanding; act of mutual trust o o

2. Pivotal Interpersonal Value

Pakikisangkot (getting involved) – act of joining others Pakikiisa – being one with others

o Pakikiramdam – the shared inner perception; a kind of “emotional a priori”; a request to feel or to be sensitive to.

3. Colonial/Accommodative o Hiya – propriety/dignity surface values o Utang na loob – gratitude/solidarity

4. Confrontative surface value

o Pakikisama – companionship/esteem; having smooth interpersonal relationships o Bahala na – determination; an adaptive coping strategy when faced with difficult situations o Sama/lakas ng loob – courageous amidst problems

resentment/guts;

being

o Pakikibaka – resistance; ability to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy 5. Linking socio-personal value

6. Societal values

o Kagandahang-loob (shared humanity) help others in dire need as a result of the belief of united o Karangalan (dignity) - what other person and how they use it to judge

– being able to Filipino humanity people see in a a person’s worth

o Katarungan (justice) – equity in giving rewards to people

o Kalayaan (freedom) – takes the form of individuality against conformity.

Virgilio Enriquez

SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE/PERSONS/INDIVIDUALS - Created Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (Measure of Character Gaspar and Personality) - In 1975, he chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino wherein the ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. -

Established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) or Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH)

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Believed that it is in the cultural aspect where we witness a disparity among Filipinos.

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He expounded on affixation and hiya and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya; He asserted that the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is “sense of propriety” A friend and a critic of Virgilio Enriquez.

Zeus A. Salazar Carmen Santiago

Bostrom (1968)

Thomas Andres

A postgraduate student of psychology at U.P. who did a study on pagkalalaki. - It was in her articles that the pakapa-kapa (‘‘groping’’) approach was first introduced. - The first psychologist to analyze the value Bahala na by comparing it with American fatalism. - He defined bahala na in his Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values as ‘‘the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. -

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He further stated that the attitude of ‘Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us)’ is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from personal responsibility.

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He also described hiya as ‘‘an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt’’

In defining Utang na Loob, he defined it following Kaut’s logic, as ‘the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another - He explained that bahala na is not ‘‘fatalism’’ but ‘‘determination and risk-taking’’ -

Lagmay

CULTURE BOUND SYNDROMES AND NATIVE HEALING PRACTICES Culture bound syndromes, also known as “folk illnesses” are combinations of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be recognizable diseases only within a specific culture. Moreover, these conditions/syndromes were considered to be are and exotic, consisted of unpredictable and chaotic behaviour and the sufferers were commonly seen as uncivilized. Examples of Filipino Culture-Bound Syndromes

Amok

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Bangungot

A Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called “Austronesian Mood Disorder,” in which a person suddenly loses control of himself/herself and goes into a killing frenzy, after which he/she hallucinates and falls into a trance. Upon waking up, he/she would have no memory of the event.

- The person having this is believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of his death.

Filipino Psychomedicine, or sikomedikal na sikolohiya in Filipino, is the application of basic psychology to native healing practices loosely considered as “medicine”. Examples of such practices include: Native Filipino Healing Practices - Use of massage to help pregnant mother manage discomforts experienced during pregnancy and aides in the delivery of the child. - A folk magic in the Philippines where earth (soil), fire, herbs, spiced, candles, oils, and kitchenware and utensils are often used for rituals, charms, spells, and potions.

Hilot

Kulam

Lihi

- This is practiced to prevent abnormality of a child when born, the intense cravings ( lihi) of the mother should be satisfied. - Caused by init (heat) and lamig (cold) occurring together within the body and manifests itself with trembling hands and sweaty palms.

Pasma

Susto

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The popular folk remedy for this involves coconut oil, alcohol, and urine. A “fight sickness” or sudden intense fear wherein the soul will separate from the body and is usually cured through ceremonial cleansing and sweeping or the drinking of tea made from

Pagtatawas

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lemon or vinegar. A method which referes to the use diagnosis and treatment of a culture-

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of

tawas

bound syndrome while the albularyo (faith prayers (bulong/oracion) to the patient. Usog

Gaba/Gabaa

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healer)

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the

whispers

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Explains how a baby mysteriously becomes ill after being greeted by a stranger and this is prevented through the use of “kontrausog” materials like beaded bracelets and the like.

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Treated by having an elder in the family to apply coconut oil or azete de manzanilla to warm the baby’s belly. Visayan term for divine retribution, divine fury or karma and its opposite is grasya and may be caused when a person steps on a punso or is brought by an engkanto,

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To reverse its effects, the patient is usually brought to an albularyo where an oil with herbs and roots is applied to the body while whispering an oracion.

MODELS OF DATA COLLECTION IN THE STUDY OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY Mode l Self-Orientation

Definition/Characteristics/Components The data collector and contributors relate to the other only to the extent of waiting until the other stops responding.

Experimenter Orientation

The data collectors appear to influence while the data contributors appear to be influenced.

Reactive-Orientation

The participants in the data collection are reacting to what is currently taking place between them. The data collector and contributor give something to, and gain something from the data collection. The level of interaction between the researcher and the researchee significantly determined the quality of the data obtained. There are 2 categories and 8 levels of interaction:

Mutual-Orientation

Researcher-Researchee Relationship

A. Ibang-Tao Category (Outsider) 1. Pakikitungo (amenities, civility) – the researcher has transaction or civility with the participants. 2. Pakikisalamuha (interaction) – the researcher interact with the participants or kalahok. 3. Pakikilahok (participation, joining) – the researcher participates in the activities of the participant. 4. Pakikibagay (conforming) – the researcher has to act in accordance with/level of conforming to the values, beliefs, and culture of the participants. 5. Pakikisama (adjusting, being along with) – the researcher is adjusting to the values, beliefs, and culture of the participant. B. Hindi Ibang-Tao (One-of-us) 1. Pakikipaglagayan-loob (mutual trust) – the researcher is being in rapport/understanding/level of mutual trust with the participants. 2. Pakikisangkot (active involvement) – researcher has his deep involvement in activities of the participants or kalahok. 3. Pakikiisa (full trust) being one with/level of Other Methods

Filipino

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researcher

the the is

oneness and full trust with the participants. Indigenous 1. Pakapa-kapa (groping) – an approach characterized by groping, searching, and probing into an unsystematised mass of social and cultural data to be able to attain order, meaning, and directions for research. 2. Pagtatanung-tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) – the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning session with the kalahok. In this method, however, “lead questions” are not to be asked, instead the questions to be asked are derived from the kalahok’s answer themselves. 3. Pakikipagkwentuhan (story telling/informal conversations) – the researcher merely serves as the facilitator, while the kalahok or participants will mostly do the talking.

4. Pagmamasid (participant observation) – the researcher just keep lookingaround and observing the participants or kalahok. 5. Pakikiramdam (shared sensitivities) – the researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or emotionto justify if his participants are ready to be part of the research or not. 6. Pakikialam (concerned interference) – an that involves interference with concern.

approach

7. Pagsubok – the researcher start talking and working with the respondents or kalahok. 8. Pagdalaw-dalaw (casual but repeated involvement) – the researcher occasionally visits the house of the host or tulay, as opposed to staying in the house. 9. Panunuluyan – the researcher stays in the home of the kalahok while he conducts the research with the consent of the host family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan.

Personality Dispositions

10. Ginabayang Talakayan Method – collective discussion technique CONSTRUCT OF FILIPINO PERSONALITY A. Cardinal Trait: the core value known as Kapwa of being together with other people B. Central Traits o Hiya: sense of propriety o Utang na Loob: norm of reciprocity o Kagandahang-Loob: the shared humanity o Pakikiramdam: shared inner perception o Industriousness: working hard and steadily o Family Orientation: family centeredness and family ties C. Secondary Traits o Hospitality: giving generous and friendly treatment towards visitors and guests

Habits

Attitudes

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Politeness: being courteous when talking to others and being respectful of the elderly

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Faith and Religiosity: prayerful and religious

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Joyous and Humorous: feeling and showing great happiness

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Resilience: being strong, healthy or successful again after something bad happens

o o

Resourcefulness and Creativity in tough situations Gratefulness: being thankful A. Mañana Habit: procrastination or the habit of postponing or delaying something B. Ningas Kugon: enthusiastically starting things but then quickly losing enthusiasm soon after C. Pakikibaka: the ability to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy D. Kanya-Kanya syndrome: working independently E. Passivity: lack of initiative in taking actions A. Valuing dignity, justice, freedom, and mobility B. Bahala Na: “leave it up to God” C. Lakas ng Loob: being courageous in the midst of problems D. Colonial Mentality: preference of foreign goods, services, and even ideologies over the local ones

E. Extreme Personalism F. Fatalism: attitude of “what goes around comes around” or “come what may” G. Crab Mentality: tendency to push each other down to clear the way for their own gain.

Major characteristics of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as an indigenous Asian psychology Areas of protest o Sikilohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that: - The imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. Psychological practice

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Perpetuates the colonial status mind, The exploitation of the masses

Endorses the conceptualization practice in a Philippine context

of

of

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Filipino

psychological

(livelihood psychology > industrial psychology, health psychology > clinical psychology) Science-humanism issue

o concerned with both (i.e. approaches are both valid)

Mentalism-behaviorism issue

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Sikolohiyang Pilipino emphasis on individual

scientific

admits

both

and

but

humanistic

with

lesser

experience and with greater emphasis on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history Orientation

o Phenomenological but not anti-Western. It’s against a non-selective use of imposition of\ Western knowledge

FIVE BASIC GUIDING RESEARCH METHODS 1.

PRINCIPLES

TO

THE

USE