FINAL 07 2020, questions and answers PDF

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6/13/2020

Module #2 Ch 05

Module #2 Ch 05 Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, July 1, 2021 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Activity: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Click here to view this animation. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which molecule is not a carbohydrate?

Hint 1. What are the biomolecules of life? Are lipids and carbohydrates the same moiety?

ANSWER: Starch Lipid Cellulose Glycogen

Correct A lipid is a hydrophobic polymer, not a carbohydrate.

Part B Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true?

Hint 1. How do monosaccharides differ from one another?

ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. Aldoses and ketoses differ in the position of their hydroxyl groups. A six-carbon sugar is called a pentose. All monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.

Correct This may include the D or L rotation, whether its linear or branched chain etc.

Part C True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.

Hint 1. Which polysaccharide is found only in bacteria?

ANSWER: True False

Correct

Part D Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages?

Hint 1. This carbohydrate has an unbranched structure.

ANSWER: Glycogen Cellulose Amylose Amylopectin

Correct Amylose is formed from a-1,4-glycosidic linkages of glucose.

Part E Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function?

Hint 1. Review the functions of the common complex carbohydrates.

ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls Starch: primary energy-storage molecule in animals Chitin: constituent of bacterial cell walls Amylose: main component of plant starch

Correct Cellulose is indeed the main structural component of plant cells walls.

Part F Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide?

Hint 1. This polysaccharide is found mainly in bacterial cell walls.

ANSWER: Cellulose Peptidoglycan Glycogen Starch

Correct The N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid units that make up peptidoglycan are composed of modified glucose monomers.

Activity: Lipids

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which of these is NOT a lipid? ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 phospholipid steroids RNA cholesterol wax

Correct RNA is a nucleic acid

Part B This figure is an example of a(n) _____.

ANSWER: saturated fat steroid unsaturated fat nucleic acid protein

Correct The fatty acid tails lack double bonds.

Part C Which of these is a phospholipid? ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05

Correct Phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids.

Part D Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? ANSWER: beef fat a fat that is solid at room temperature butter lard olive oil

Correct Olive oil is a plant oil, and most plant oils are rich in unsaturated fats.

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Module #2 Ch 05

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. ANSWER: as a component of animal cell membranes All of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm. the most abundant male sex hormone in calcium and phosphate metabolism as the primary female sex hormone

Correct Cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes.

Levels of Structure in Proteins Protein structure is conceptually divided into four levels, from most basic to higher order: Primary structure describes the order of amino acids in the peptide chain. Secondary structure describes the basic three-dimensional structures, -helices and -sheets. Tertiary structure describes how the secondary structures come together to form an individual globular protein. Quaternary structure results from individual proteins coming together to form multi-subunit protein complexes.

Part A Complete the following vocabulary exercise relating to the level of structure in proteins. Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.

Hint 1. Select the level of structure described in the folding of chains At what level of protein structure do -sheets of amino acids and chain, come together to form a globular protein?

-helices, located at a distance from each other along the length of a polypeptide

ANSWER:

primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

Hint 2. Select the level of structure described in the sequence of amino acids What level of protein structure describes an amino acid sequence such as Ala-Gly-Ser-Val-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-His...? ANSWER: primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

Hint 3. Select the level of structure described in the coming together of protein subunits At what level of protein structure do the

and

protein subunits come together to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction?

ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

Hint 4. Select the correct level of structure described by local folding At what level of protein structure do the chains of amino acids fold into an

-helical structure?

ANSWER:

primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure

ANSWER:

Reset

1. Secondary

Help

structure describes the alpha-helices and beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen

bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain. 2. Primary

structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

3. Quaternary

structure is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger,

biologically active protein complex. 4. Tertiary

structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape

stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids

Correct

Part B Sort the images according to the level of structure in the proteins shown. Sort the items into the appropriate bin.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem Each image shows a certain level of protein structure. In general, higher levels of structure involve interactions between more atoms than lower levels. If you look at the relative complexity of the structure with this in mind, you should be able to sort the images correctly.

ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 Reset

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Correct The tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins—how they fold into their overall three-dimensional shapes, and how different protein subunits come together to interact—both ultimately depend on the primary structure, the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. A different sequence of amino acids will lead to different secondary structures and a different shape of the overall protein.

Activity: Making and Breaking Polymers

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A What name is given to the process seen in this animation? To view the animation, click here. Then click on the image to start the animation. ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 monomerization dehydration synthesis water formation hydrolysis catabolism

Correct The linking of the monomers involves the removal of water.

Activity: Protein Structure

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Proteins are polymers of _____. ANSWER: hydrocarbons glycerol CH2O units amino acids nucleotides

Correct Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

Part B What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 peptide ionic hydrogen S-S hydrophobic

Correct The amino acids of a protein are linked by peptide bonds.

Part C Which of these illustrates the secondary structure of a protein? ANSWER:

Correct The secondary structure of protein is via the alpha helixes and beta sheets, Even though these can be seen in the fourth option as well, but in that the folds are also seen that gives rise to tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein.

Part D The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. ANSWER:

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Module #2 Ch 05 ionic bonds peptide bonds hydrophobic interactions bonds between sulfur atoms hydrogen bonds

Correct Electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms leave hydrogen atoms with partial positive charges.

Part E Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. ANSWER: peptide bonds bonds between sulfur atoms hydrophobic interactions hydrogen bonds ionic bonds

Correct Peptide bonds link together the amino acids of a protein's primary structure.

Chapter 5 Question 4

Part A The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the ANSWER: quaternary level. primary level. tertiary level secondary level. All structural levels are equally affected.

Correct

Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 98.4%. You received 22.64 out of a possible total of 23 points.

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