FINAL 07 2020, questions and answers PDF

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Module_1_ Ch_06...

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6/13/2020

Module #1: Ch 06

Module #1: Ch 06 Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, July 1, 2021 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Activity: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. ANSWER:

Ribosomes Cell walls Fimbriae Mitochondria Flagella

Correct Fimbriae enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface.

Part B What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? ANSWER:

DNA storage protection adhesion protein synthesis propulsion

Correct A bacterium's capsule has a protective role.

Part C The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

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ANSWER:

A B C D E

Correct The nucleoid region contains DNA.

Part D Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? ANSWER:

ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

Correct Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

Part E In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? ANSWER:

ribosomes nucleus peroxisome nucleoid region capsule

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Correct Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins).

Part F What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? ANSWER:

capsule pili cell wall flagella nucleoid region

Correct The cell wall is a rigid supporting structure.

Part G The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. ANSWER:

plasma membrane nucleoid region ribosome pili cell wall

Correct The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Part H The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

ANSWER:

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Correct The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Activity: The Endomembrane System

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? ANSWER: Golgi apparatus chloroplast ribosome lysosome plasmodesma

Correct The prefix "lyso-" means decomposition.

Connections Between Cells Plants and animals are made up of billions of cells. These cells are surrounded by extracellular components that facilitate their interactions and provide a suitable environment for the construction and protection of tissues.

Part A - Comparing the extracellular environments of plants and animals The cellular organization and extracellular environments of plants and animals are very different. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the table below. Use only pink labels for the pink targets. Labels may be used more than once.

Hint 1. How to approach this problem At the cellular level, the biggest difference between plant tissues and animal tissues is not what is inside the cells, but rather what is outside the cells. As you read each statement, consider how the presence or absence of a cell wall might influence intercellular interactions. Which types of junctions do

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not exist in the presence of a cell wall? Hint 2. How are animal cells connected to each other? Animal cells have three main types of intercellular junctions. The occurrence of these junctions depends on the type of cells you are studying. For example, epithelial cells are rich in all three types of intercellular junctions. Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the different intercellular junctions found in animal tissues. ANSWER: Reset

Help

tight junction

desmosome

gap junction

Hint 3. How do substances move between plant cells? It is well known that cell walls in plants protect the cells from excessive uptake of water, but these walls also serve as a barrier to viruses. It has been observed, however, that once a plant cell becomes infected, the viruses can easily move throughout the plant despite the fact that a wall surrounds each cell. Which structures enable a virus to infect an entire plant quickly? ANSWER:

tight junctions gap junctions plasmodesmata desmosomes

ANSWER:

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Correct A primary distinction between plant cells and animal cells is the fact that plant cells are surrounded by cell walls. If it were not for plasmodesmata, the cell walls would essentially imprison the plant’s cells, making intercellular communication and the distribution of nutrients nearly impossible. Animal cells have a variety of intercellular junctions, including tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. The gap junctions of animal cells are most similar to the plasmodesmata of plants. Gap junctions tend to be limited to tissues that require rapid and coordinated signal relay systems, such as heart muscle; they play no role in nutrient distribution.

Tour of a Plant Cell: Structures and Functions (BioFlix tutorial) Plant cells have many of the same structures found in animal cells, but plant cells also have unique structures that suit their functions as sugar producers. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the Tour of a Plant Cell animation.

Part A - Comparing plant cells and animal cells Plant cells and animal cells share many of the same structures, but each type of cell also has unique structures. In this activity, you will indicate which cell structures are found only in plant cells, only in animal cells, or in both plant and animal cells. Drag each cell structure to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both plant cells and animal cells, drag it to the "both" bin.

Hint 1. Review of animal cell structures To review animal cell structures, watch the Tour of an Animal Cell animation.

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Hint 2. Which structures are unique to plant cells? Plant cells have unique structures that function in photosynthesis. In addition, plant cells have other structures not found in animal cells that function in support and storage. Which cell structures are unique to plant cells? Select the three that apply. ANSWER: chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion central vacuole lysosome cellulose cell wall

ANSWER:

Reset

mitochondrion chloroplast

Help

endoplasmic reticulum

cellulose cell wall centriole

Golgi apparatus

cytoskeleton

nucleus

central vacuole plasma membrane

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Correct Plant cells and animal cells have more in common than they have differences. Nevertheless, plant cells’ unique structures play important roles. Photosynthesis occurs in plant cells’ chloroplasts. The plant cell’s central vacuole takes up most of the space within the cell and serves a variety of functions, including storage and hydrolysis of organic compounds. Plant cell walls, which are composed primarily of cellulose, protect the cells from damage and maintain their shape. Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on the planet.

Part B - Plant organelle functions Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the plant cell.

Hint 1. Structure and function of cell organelles The structure of each organelle in a eukaryotic cell makes it very well-suited for the task it performs. Some examples are described here. Golgi apparatus: The Golgi is composed of a series of flattened membranous discs called cisternae. Each cisterna forms an enclosed space that houses a distinct set of enzymes used to process proteins in a sequential manner as they are prepared for transport to different sites. Mitochondria: The inner membrane of a mitochondrion has extensive infoldings, which greatly increase the surface area available for key reactions in the energy-producing processes of cellular respiration.

ANSWER:

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houses the genetic information of the cell

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy

produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

modifies and packages proteins

Correct Each organelle in a plant cell carries out a specific function. Mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus serve the same functions in both plant cells and animal cells.

Part C - Structure and function of the chloroplast The structure of a chloroplast is closely tied to its function as the site of photosynthesis.

Some of the following statements are true for chloroplasts; others are true for mitochondria. Which statements are true for chloroplasts? Select the three that apply.

Hint 1. The role of chlorophyll In order for chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis, they need pigments that can absorb light energy from the sun. One important chloroplast pigment is chlorophyll, which absorbs light in the red and blue parts of the spectrum. Chlorophyll is the reason plants appear green. Hint 2. How does chloroplast structure compare to mitochondrion structure? Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in structure, but they also have key differences related to their respective functions in the cell.

Drag each label to the appropriate bin. If a structure is found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, drag it to the "both" bin. ANSWER:

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matrix

cristae

stroma

thylakoid

inner membrane

Help

outer membrane

ANSWER:

They contain the green pigment chlorophyll. They have membranous sacs called thylakoids that are surrounded by a fluid called stroma. They are the sites of reactions that convert chemical energy to ATP. Their inner membrane has infoldings called cristae. They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. Their matrix contains enzymes that function in cellular respiration.

Correct The chloroplast and the chemical reactions associated with it are extremely important for all living things. The photosynthetic reactions are responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy that is used not only by the cells in which photosynthesis occurs but also by other organisms. For example, all of the foods you eat can be traced back to a plant or other photosynthetic organism. Furthermore, the chloroplast and its reactions have had a profound influence on the constitution of Earth’s atmosphere due to the fact that oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis.

Chapter 6 Pre-Lecture Question 4 Part A Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?

Hint 1. The nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells and contains the chromosomes.

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ANSWER:

The nuclear envelope is a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. Plasmadesmosomes in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is coated with laminin.

Correct The nuclear envelope in eukaryotes has many pores and it remains attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that is the place where lipids are synthesized in a cell.

Activity: Cilia and Flagella

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. ANSWER:

tonofilaments microfilaments intermediate filaments pili microtubules

Correct Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.

Chapter 6 Pre-Lecture Question 10 Part A Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct?

Hint 1. Cells are greatly affected by the extracellular structures, which they contact.

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ANSWER:

Proteins and lipids are common components of extracellular structures. Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm. All extracellular structures form barriers to separate adjacent cells. Extracellular structures store energy in the form of polysaccharides for subsequent metabolism by the cell. Extracellular structures regulate the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.

Correct Extracellular structures provide mechanical and chemical signals that are transmitted across the plasma membrane to the interior of the cell.

Chapter 6 Question 3

Part A Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? ANSWER:

mitochondrion chloroplast ER ribosome nuclear envelope

Correct

Chapter 6 Question 7

Part A Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? ANSWER:

muscle cell phagocytic white blood cell nerve cell leaf cell of a plant bacterial cell

Correct

Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 99.3%. You received 26.81 out of a possible total of 27 points.

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