Final Exam 2019 PDF

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Student ID number ________________

FACULTY OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SCIENCE

MICROBIOLOGY MICR501 FINAL EXAMINATION Semester 1 2019 Time Allowed:

2 Hours plus 5 minutes reading time

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Answer ALL items. SECTION A:

Multiple choice questions

(33 marks)

SECTION B:

One word answer

(10 marks)

SECTION C:

Short answer questions

(57 marks)

TOTAL

Total number of pages in this question paper (including this page)

100 marks

19

•

All answers must be written in ink

•

All abbreviations must be explained in full the first time that they are used.

•

Label all diagrams fully.

•

No smart watches are permitted

•

Please ensure that your ID number is on every page submitted for marking.

•

GOOD LUCK!

STUDENT ID: ____________________ NAME: ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microbiology MICR501 Final Examination S1, 2019 Page 1 of 19

Student ID number ________________

SECTION A. Multiple Choice Questions

33 marks

Instruction: Select one correct answer and circle the corresponding letter in the ANSWER SHEET at the end of this section.

1. Which of the following is/are a MISMATCH? a) microorganisms – most ancient life form on Earth; oldest fossils date back 3.5 billion years b) stromatolites – non-photosynthetic coral-like microbial colonies that helped make the early Earth suitable for the evolution of higher forms of life c) endosymbiosis – events where bacteria became trapped inside eukaryotic cells that occurred about 3.5 billion years ago. d) A and B e) B and C 2. Gram staining is a process that uses a series of dye to characterise the structure of bacterial cell wall. Which of the following will be the colour change for Gram positive bacteria? a) Primary stain (purple); Mordant (purple); Decolourization (purple); Counterstain (pink) b) Primary stain (purple); Mordant (purple); Decolourization (pink); Counterstain (pink) c) Primary stain (purple); Mordant (purple); Decolourization (colourless); Counterstain (pink) d) Primary stain (purple); Mordant (pink); Decolourization (colourless); Counterstain (pink) e) Primary stain (purple); Mordant (purple); Decolourization (purple); Counterstain (purple) 3. Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about prokaryotic cells? i. Cell membrane lacks sterols, associated with membrane stability. ii. Cell wall is largely formed by peptidoglycan, but different in Archaea as it is composed of pseudopeptidoglycan or other polysaccharides, glycoproteins and proteins. iii. Genome size varies from ~1.5Mb to ~4.5Mb. iv. Flagella is used for motility and all prokaryotes have flagella. v. Endospores are specialized structure that are extremely resistant to heat, chemical and other factors and not all prokaryotes have this. a) b) c) d) e)

i, ii, iii, and v iii only i, iii and iv i, iii and v i, iii, iv and v

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4. Which of the following is/are MISMATCH? a) b) c) d) e)

Zygomycota – Rhizopus Ascomycota – Aspergillus Basidiomycota – Button mushroom A and B None of the above

5. Identify the INCORRECT description of the specific Protista group listed below. a) Phaeophyta – multicellular brown algae with cell wall made of cellulose plus alginic acid. b) Rhodophyta – unicellular red algae with cell wall made of cellulose. c) Bacillariophyta – multicellular diatoms with cell wall made of pectin and silica. d) B & C e) A & B 6. Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE about viruses? a) b) c) d) e)

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Viruses have helical or icosahedral symmetry. Viruses are not susceptible to antibiotics. Both A and B All of the above

7. Oxygen requirement of microorganism vary among different groups of microbial species. Which of the following has a WRONG description of oxygen requirement? a) Obligate Anaerobes – absolutely no oxygen b) Facultative Anaerobes – with or without oxygen c) Microaerophilic – oxygen concentration must be lower than the atmospheric concentration d) Obligate Aerobes – require no oxygen e) None of the above 8. Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about metabolic strategies of organisms? i. Chemolithoautothrophs are organisms that can oxidize organic compounds and fix CO2 for biosynthesis. ii. Chemoorganotrophs are organisms that use organic chemicals as source of energy. iii. Phototrophs are organisms capable of obtaining energy from light. iv. Photoautotrophs are organisms that use light as source of energy and fix CO2 for biosynthesis. v. Mixotrophs utilize chemical compounds as energy source but also utilize organic C for biosynthesis. a) b) c) d) e)

ii, iii, iv and v iii only i, iii and iv i, iii and v i, iii, iv and v

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8. Red tide (algal bloom) in the coastal waters after heavy rain due to a sudden increase in nutrient source. What is the type of strategist or succession described in this situation? a) b) c) d) e)

R strategist K strategist Autotrophic succession Autogenic succession Allogenic succession

9. Microorganisms in the rumen of cows that help digest grass. What is the type of strategist or succession described in this situation? a) b) c) d) e)

R strategist K strategist Autotrophic succession Autogenic succession Allogenic succession

10. Which of the following statement(s) is/are INCORRECT? i. Chemolithotroph obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds. ii. Most of chemolithotrophs obtain carbon from CO2, hence they are also referred to as chemolithoautotrophs. iii. The two methods for energy metabolism among chemoorganotrophs are fermentation and respiration. iv. Phototrophic metabolism requires light-sensitive pigments like carotenoids. v. Photoheterotrophs fix CO2 for biosynthesis a) b) c) d) e)

i and ii only v only iii and iv only ii, iii and iv i, iii, iv and v

12. In the carbon cycle certain groups of microorganism plays a particular role in a particular condition. Identify which of the following has the WRONG group of microorganism or WRONG condition. a) b) c) d) e)

CO2 → (CH2O) – Cyanobacteria, Algae – Oxic condition CO2 → (CH2O) – Phototrophic bacteria – Anoxic condition CO2 → CH4 – Methanogenic bacteria – Anoxic condition CH4 → CO2 – Methanotrophic bacteria – Oxic condition None of the above

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13. In the nitrogen cycle certain groups of microorganisms play a role in a particular condition. Identify which of the following has the WRONG group of microorganism or WRONG condition. a) b) c) d) e)

NH4 → NO3 – Nitrosomonas sp. – Aerobic condition Organic-N → NH4+ – Ammonifying bacteria – Aerobic and Anaerobic condition Atmospheric N2 → NH3 (NH4+) – Cyanobacteria – Aerobic condition NO3 → Atmospheric N2 – Bacillus sp. – Anaerobic condition None of the above

14. Genetic information is translated into proteins through a series of processes. Which of the following best describes this process? a) DNA unwinding – Transcription into mRNA – mRNA leaves the nucleus and attached to ribosome – Translation of codons into amino acids – formation of chain of amino acids into proteins b) DNA unwinding – mRNA leaves the nucleus and attached to ribosome - Transcription into mRNA – Translation of codons into amino acids – formation of chain of amino acids into proteins c) DNA unwinding – Translation of codons into amino acids – formation of chain of amino acids into proteins - Transcription into mRNA – mRNA leaves the nucleus and attached to ribosome d) Transcription into mRNA – DNA unwinding - mRNA leaves the nucleus and attached to ribosome – Translation of codons into amino acids – formation of chain of amino acids into proteins e) None of the above

15. The changes in the genomic material of microorganism can be a result of any of the following EXCEPT: a) b) c) d) e)

Point Mutation Translation Frameshift Mutation Transduction Conjugation

16. Which of the following events in the history of medical microbiology had the most fundamental breakthrough in modern medicine? a) b) c) d) e)

The four humours theory. Germ theory of disease. Theory of spontaneous generation. Pasteur’s experiment that lead to the principle of pasteurization. The practice of disinfection.

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17. What is the ratio of bacterial cells to human cell? a) b) c) d) e)

10:1 100:1 1:1 1:100 1000 : 1

18. Identify the MISMATCH: a) b) c) d) e)

Tissues - Bacteroidetes Skin – Staphylococci Mouth – Neisseria Digestive tract – Fusobacterium Genitourinary tract (female) – Lactobacillus

19. Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT? i. The human first line of defense against pathogens include, skin, tears, mucous membrane, and the acidity of the stomach. ii. The adaptive immune response is unique to vertebrates. iii. Innate immune system displays memory and specificity and the two cells involved are B cells and T cells. iv. Adaptive immune system is a non-specific response to pathogens and the cells involved are natural killer cells, mast cells, phagocytes and dendritic cells. v. The molecules of the adaptive immune response include antibodies, and cytokines. a) b) c) d) e)

i, ii, and v only iii only i, iii and iv only iii and iv only i, iii, iv and v

20. The following are the ‘great’ epidemic diseases EXCEPT: a) b) c) d) e)

Smallpox Malaria Plague Cholera Yellow fever

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21. The route of transmission and corresponding communicable disease is listed below, which is a MISMATCH? a) b) c) d) e)

Salivary spread – Herpes simplex virus Fecal-oral spread – Campylobacter jejuni Blood-borne transmission – HIV virus Vector-borne transmission – Plasmodium falciparum None of the above

22. Microbial spoilage in fruits is mainly due to: a) b) c) d) e)

Algae Archaea Bacteria Fungi Viruses

23. The fermentation of sugars by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during beer manufacture releases: a) b) c) d) e)

Ethanol and carbon dioxide Ethanol and oxygen Ethanol only Propanol and carbon dioxide Propanol and oxygen

24. The ‘live’ microorganism present in a Yakult drink is: a) Lactobacillus casei Shirota b) Lactobacillus delbrueckii c) Lactobacillus bulgaricus d) Lactobacillus sp. e) None of the above

25. Which of the following is/are FALSE? a) Plant-microbe interactions occur in the rhizosphere. b) Mycorrhizae do not attack cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin. c) Ruminant mammals are common examples of animal-microbe symbioses. d) Colours of corals arise from a symbiotic alga. e) None of the above. 26. Identify the item with the WRONG example for the type of symbiotic relationship. a) Animal – Microbe; e.g. Lichens b) Plant – Microbe; e.g. Mycorrhizae c) Animal – Microbe; e.g. Bioluminescent bacteria in squid d) Animal – Microbe; e.g. Hydrothermal vent worms e) Plant – Microbe; e.g. Ectomycorrhizae ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microbiology MICR501 Final Examination S1, 2019 Page 7 of 19

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27. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? i. The cyanobacterial genus Chroococcidiopsis are photoautotrophic, desiccation tolerant and radiation resistant bacteria that are commonly found in deserts. ii. There are no viable bacterial cells found below Lake Vostok with pressure (x400), and temperature below zero. iii. Halophilic bacteria such as Haloarcola sp. assume square and triangular shapes in response to high osmotic pressure in saline lakes. iv. In geothermal springs with higher temperatures, a microbial community is predominated by photoautotrophs as photosynthesis is not possible. v. Deinococcus radiodurans can cope with exposure to radiation of up to 15kGy. a) i and ii only b) iii only c) i, iii and iv only d) ii and iv only e) i, iii, iv and v 28. The characteristics of the cyanobacterial genus, Chroococcidiopsis that is dominantly found in desert pavements include the following EXCEPT: a) b) c) d) e)

Photoautotrophic Desiccation tolerant Chemolithoautotrophs Radiation resistant None of the above

29. The microorganism that is likely to survive in the outer space as it can survive 15kGy is: a) b) c) d) e)

Escherichia coli Deinococcus radiodurans Chrococcidiopsis thermalis Haloarcula sp. Pyrobaculum aerophilum

30. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? i. Primary productivity in oceanic waters is relatively low ii. Inshore waters support greater primary productivity iii. Oxygen consumption by heterotrophic bacteria causes water to become anoxic iv. Phytoplankton numbers do not vary seasonally v. Biofilm and benthic microbial communities are commonly observed in streams & rivers a) i only b) i, ii, and iii c) iv only d) iv and v e) i, ii, iii, and v ______________________________________________________________________________________ Microbiology MICR501 Final Examination S1, 2019 Page 8 of 19

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31. The distribution of microorganisms in terrestrial soil environments varies. Arrange the group of microorganisms according to their abundance from lowest to highest. i. ii. iii. iv. v. a) b) c) d) e)

Algae Filamentous fungi Unicellular fungi Bacteria Protozoa

iv, ii, iii, i, v ii, iii, iv, i, v iv, iii, ii, i, v iv, i, ii, iii, v v, i, iii, ii, iv

32. The best strain improvement method which increases the yield/production of the industrially important compounds? a) b) c) d) e)

Selective breeding Natural isolate Improved culture conditions Genetic manipulation None of the above

33. In planning a sustainable bioremediation treatment which of the following needs to be considered? a) b) c) d) e)

Environmental conditions should be favorable for the growth of microorganisms. Process does not cause further environmental damage. The cost is less than or not more expensive than other treatments. All the above Only A and B

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Question number

Question number

SECTION A. Multiple Choice Questions: ANSWER SHEET (Circle the letter that corresponds to your answer.)

1

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33

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Student ID number ________________

SECTION B. One word answer

10 marks

Instruction: Provide the term being described in each item. Write your answer in the space provided. ___________________1. The specialised structure used by fungi to penetrate the plant cells that may cause disease in plants. ___________________ 2. The collective term that refers to fungal infections that are classified according to the site of infection on the body. ___________________3. It is part of the cell that assists in attachment to cell wall (of host cells) and may contain virulence factor for pathogenic microorganisms. ___________________4. It is the multiplication of the pathogenic microorganism in the host.

___________________5. Refers to the situation when the communicable infection is widespread worldwide with a high attack rate. ___________________6. It is the process of completely killing or removal of all living microorganisms. ___________________7. The collective term used to describe microorganisms surviving in extreme environments. ___________________8. The intro...