Final EXAM - Summary Psychopharmacology PDF

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Jom Hammack...

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pharmd BINDING Phamrk ABSORPTION Tyrosine hydroxylase TO MAKE DA REUPTAKE Necessary enzymes for DA Monoamine oxidase A and B INTRA COMT EXTRA How DA is packaged? VMAT Why MAOi have to be careful? TYRAMINE build up Precursor of serotonin? Tryptophan DOSE RESPONSE CURVES - Competitive antagonist - SHIFT TO RIGHT Potency change Neuronal effect of alcohol - INCREASES membrane fluidity - INCREASES adenylyl cyclase Example of disinhibition ALCOHOL How do we know the brain runs on inhibition? If you get rid of GABA you see tonic firing = seizures DEATH Sympathomemetic (catecholamines) because NE and E are in their pathway What is an example of psychedelics being used clinically? CLUSTER HEADACHES Psychedelic HIT 5HT2A Ionotropic serotonin receptor = 5HT3 DOPAMINE BETA HYDROXYLASE DBH Criticism of Koob Not all drugs of abuse produce strong physical dependence

Criticism of Wise THE MAGNITITUDE OF THE DRUG HIGH DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH THE MAGNITITUE OF CRAVING Koob and allostasis Changing in the homestatic set point, KOOB says it is negatively affected, more drug needed LTP: What receptors are involved? What are the steps that cause? What changes result? NMDA receptors Requires calcium entry and activation of intracellular processes INSERNTION of more AMPA PCP is a glutamate non-competitive antagonist LH control main variable What is an example experiment that shows that the DRN NECESSARY? - DPAT - Lesions What effects to absorption of the drug? - ALL THE ABOVE Is reuptake limited to neurons? ASTROCYTES Understand the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Understand how both of these systems work. Which is more prevalent? Metabotropic Which GABA subtype works fastest – Gaba A

DYNAMICS = BINDING KINETICS = ABSORPTION Therapeutic index HIGHER SAFER Advantage of oral: Self administered! Given drug that improves eyesight, for long time, then run out of drug. Name withdrawal symptom. EYE SIGHT WOULD DECREASE

Size, lipid solubility, and ionization

Describe ONE difference b/w neural/nonneural Neural have no vesicular transport NON-neural have vesicular transport Understand, be able to draw and label a typical (monotonic) dose-response curve. Cause for nonmonotonic graph. Multiple choice easy.

Understand efficacy vs. potency and how to determine each. Be able to draw and understand what produces a nonmonotonic dose response curve. What is a full agonist? Partial agonist? How can they be represented on a dose-response curve? What is a competitive antagonist? Noncompetitive antagonist? How can they be represented on a dose-response curve? One reason ketamine good for depression: Can treat treatment resistant depression What 2 does tricyclics effect? How does it effect? Inhbits reuptake of NE and 5HT How test if glutamate? Vglut Why are two events required? Glutamate binding and depolarization What is autoreceptor: 5HT1A HOMEOSTASIS DPAT acts as partial agonist. How can partial agonist have antagonistic effects? By limiting the efficacy Draw dose curve diazepam and gaba, and just gaba: SHIFT TO LEFT

What receptor involved in excitotoxicity? NMDA

BLOOD DEPRIVED NEURONS BECOME OVER ACTIVE AND THERE IS A RELEASE OF GLUTAMATE THAT POISIONS THE NEURON What is the mechanism of action of PCP? Glutamate non-competitive antagonist Where in the brain is GABA found? What happens when you block the actions of GABA in the brain? What does this suggest? EVEYWHERE, block the actions of GABA convulsions and you die (tonic firing) Brain runs on inhibition

GABA comes from glutamate and uses GAD for synthesis GABA-T converts GABA back to glutamate MORE than 10 allosteric sights What are the physiological effects of alcohol? Be able to describe how each effect alters neuronal activity. What is the difference between tonic and phasic action? ALWAYS and in response to a stimulus 5HT3 Ionotropic Excitatory What two nuclei make up the rostral cell group? DRN and MRN

What role does the interplay between dorsal raphe CRF type 1 and CRF type 2 receptors play in learned helplessness? How might differing affinities of CRF for these two receptors lead to a more complex regulation of serotonin by CRF?

What receptor(s) does LSD target? 5HT2A

Why is catecholamine activation sympathomimetic? NE and E are in the pathway Antipsychotics affect which receptor: D2 antagonists Know the life of norepinephrine. How does it differ from dopamine? DBH

Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit reuptake of NE...