Final Paper - 3119 - The Four Metaparadigms of Nursing PDF

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The Four Metaparadigms of Nursing...

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Running head: THE FOUR METAPARADIGMS OF NURSING

The Four Metaparadigms of Nursing

There are four nursing metaparadigms; each plays a central role in both nursing process and patient care. These four paradigms are essential as they form the basis and makes up the

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elements of nursing practice. They are important because they constitute the conceptual framework of nursing practice. Blais and Hayes, identifies person or client, environment, health and nursing, as the four paradigms (Blais & Hayes, 2016). 1 – Person is the patient/client that is the recipient of care and by extension encompasses a person’s family, friends, spirituality, cultural values and socioeconomic status. By respecting a client’s values, maintaining confidentiality and keeping an attentive and open mind, a nurse develops rapport and trust, which allows the client to share his/her concerns and provides valuable data for the nurse. Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing deals with the paradigm of person (Blais & Hayes, 2016). Orem emphasized the idea of self-care, which states, that an individual should take care of themselves. Nurses by virtue of teaching and leadership can help a patient take control of their health. “Adults care for themselves, whereas infants, the aged, the ill, and the disabled require assistance with self-care activities” (Blais & Hayes, 2016, p.105). A 2014 study applying Dorothea Orem's Theory of Self-Care in elderly Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis is a good example of its effectiveness (O'Shaughnessy, 2014). 2 – Environment made up of both internal and external factors and constitutes factors that influence the client, such as, their families or friends. Florence Nightingale was the first who used the paradigm environment and linked it to the recovery process; with an emphasis on five environmental elements. She also stressed the need to keep the patient warm, and to provide a noise-free environment (Blais & Hayes, 2016). Today we know that a therapeutic environment is essential for healing. Studies have shown that exposure to sunlight improves sleep in elderly along with making subtle changes in the environment, such as adding flowers or plants can enhance client comfort. Kadohisa (2013) explained that smell can have a positive or negative

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effect on mood and emotions. Studies have also shown that regular visitation by family and friends promote patient wellness, especially in long-term care (Zimmerman et al., 2013). 3 – Health encompasses both wellness and its quality. Optimal health encompasses wellbeing of body, mind, and spirit. Health is not a fixed state; influenced by a variety of factors, such as lifestyle changes, therefore, it requires routine monitoring and evaluation. Prevention is preferable to treatment, as it saves the patient from unnecessary suffering. 4 – Nursing relates to how the nurse applies knowledge, skills and the attributes of nursing in client care. Florence Nightingale made nursing a profession that not only assists doctors, but also promotes health (Arnone &Vitzsimons, 2015). Ms. Nightingale ably demonstrated that nursing career is a professional calling, requiring both an education and professional training, thus enabling a nurse to provide all direct patient care (Stichler, 2014). Virginia Henderson expanded on Florence Nightingale by stressing the nurse role in both illness and wellness, thus making a nurse both a teacher and an advocate for the client. Ms. Henderson’s basic concept involves enabling client and family to independently meet 14 fundamental needs (Blais & Hayes, 2016).Today, nursing is considered a respected profession and a holistic approach to patient care is a well-accepted phenomenon. As a nurse, I will be playing a pivotal role in incorporating all four paradigms to give the best possible client-centric care. I will carry out this by promoting a safe and therapeutic environment; aided by healing care and health promotion of the client. I will direct and synthesize client care by using patient-centered collaborative strategies and by becoming a patient advocate.

References

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Arnone, J.M., Fitzsimons, V. (2015). Plato, Nightingale, and Nursing: Can You Hear Me Now? International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 26: 156-162. doi: 10.1111/2047 3095.12059 Blais, K., & Hayes, J. S. (2016). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. (7th ed.). University of Northern Colorado. GönülDüzgün; AsiyeDurmazAkyol. (2017). Effect of Natural Sunlight on Sleep Problems and Sleep Quality of the Elderly Staying in the Nursing Home. Holistic Nursing Practice, 31(5), 295-302.doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000206 Kadohisa, M. (2013). Effects of odor on emotion, with implications. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7, 66. http://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2013.00066 O'Shaughnessy, M. (2014). Application of Dorothea Orem's Theory of Self-Care to the Elderly Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 41(5), 495-498. Stichler, J. F. (2014). An Ode to Florence. Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 7(4), 13-18. Zimmerman, S., Cohen, L. W., Reed, D., Gwyther, L. P., Washington, T., Cagle, J. G., Preisser, J. S. (2013). Families Matter in Long-Term Care: Results of a Group Trial. Seniors Housing & Care Journal, 21(1), 3–20.

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