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CHAPTER 1 1. An important way of looking at the responsibilities of individuals is to examine their ________. a) lives b) roles c) opinions d) social positions 2. Aristotle said that we should never expect more ________ in the treatment of any subject than the nature of the subject permits. a) preci...

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CHAPTER 1

1. An important way of looking at the responsibilities of individuals is to examine their ________. a) lives b) roles c) opinions d) social positions 2. Aristotle said that we should never expect more ________ in the treatment of any subject than the nature of the subject permits. a) precision b) reason c) understanding d) simplicity 3. Reflective, conceptual thinking about ethical issues is so familiar to us that ________ are often ignored or dismissed as irrelevant. a) thoughts and feelings b) opinions and ideas c) religious beliefs and practices d) customs and traditions 4. Moral opinions are ________. a) based on beliefs b) impartial c) biased d) self-interested 5. Ethical opinions must be capable of being defended with ________. a) theories b) beliefs c) reasons d) intuitions 6. If fraud and dishonesty were commonplace, it would be an ethical error to ________ them on that basis. a) criticize b) condemn c) recommend d) assess 7. Besides top-down and bottom-up approaches to ethics there is a third approach called ________. a) reflective equilibrium b) utilitarianism c) consequentialism d) deontology

8. The view that the moral rightness or wrongness of an act is due to its producing some specified result—like happiness or pleasure or knowledge—is called ________. a) utilitarianism b) virtue ethics c) consequentialism d) deontology 9. According to Kant, the ________ can be defined by the following formulation: “[A]ct so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.” a) categorical imperative b) ultimate idea c) universal moral rule d) absolute truth 10. Virtue ethics is primarily a(n) ________ moral theory. a) top-down b) bottom-up c) inside-out d) outside-in 11. Business exists because it ________. a) suits certain individuals b) serves society c) makes lots of money d) creates jobs 12. According to Peter Drucker, society sets the ground rules for business, and business ________. a) must always consider its social responsibilities b) need only think about its stockholders c) must always keep in mind its impact on society d) has no other duty than to follow those rules in pursuing its interests 13. As an ethical position, ethical egoism is ________. a) an incoherent position b) obviously correct c) obviously wrong d) how everyone behaves 14. Self-interest is not identical to ________. a) immorality b) selfishness c) morality d) altruism 15. A person in a business can be upright, behave with integrity, exhibit a great deal of competence, and be a number of other things, but that is different from being ________. a) successful

b) ethical c) socially responsible d) a professional 16. Typically, professional codes and standards have a strongly ________ tone. a) deontological b) ethical c) utilitarian d) high-minded 17. Non-malfeasance is ________. a) doing good b) avoiding being unethical c) not doing harm d) being careful 18. Every professional body insists on the profession’s duty not to engage in conduct that could bring the profession into ________. a) disrepute b) attention c) disregard d) disputes 19. The attitude that takes loyalty to a profession or employer as the final word has been called ________. a) immoral b) a cop out c) malicious compliance d) fallacious reasoning 20. We cannot find out what to do simply from looking at ________. a) what others have done b) what we ought to do c) what it is possible to do d) what we have done

CHAPTER 2

1. The term ________ refers to the ethics of role and the doing of what is necessary, even morally necessary, to fulfill that role. a) public morality b) private morality c) dirty hands d) gamesmanship 2. According to Albert Z. Carr, business is like a ________. a) game b) battle c) relationship d) dream 3. For Albert Z. Carr, “The major tests of every move in business, as in all games of strategy, are ________.” a) winning and losing b) legality and profit c) success and failure d) right and wrong 4. In The Prince, Machiavelli was articulating an ethics of ________. a) public life b) private life c) ideals d) options 5. Machiavelli tried to show that a ruler who acts from personal motive will ________. a) forfeit his position within the state b) jeopardize the state c) favour public morality over private morality d) protect his people 6. John Ladd distinguishes personal actions from ________ actions. a) business b) non-personal c) political d) social 7. Bernard Williams argues that in the public arena it is sometimes appropriate to ________. a) override the requirements of morality b) adhere to the same moral requirements in public and private life c) complement public morality with the moral requirements of private life d) avoid dirty hands at all cost 8. ________ will not notify the appropriate authorities if they are informed that a person has committed a crime.

a) b) c) d)

Priests Doctors Social workers Nurses

9. In business and politics, ________ is an adequate justification for the problem of dirty hands. a) self-interest b) the good of the state or corporation c) principle d) private morality 10. The commandant in A Few Good Men expresses the values of ________ and this is also what is demanded of marines in general. a) deontology b) consequentialism c) agent neutrality d) agent relativity 11. The problem of ________ is essentially one of whether evil may ever be done, not just in exceptional circumstances, but as an inevitable part of human life. a) agent neutrality b) consequentialism c) dirty hands d) ethics 12. Sometimes there is a moral cost to doing ________. a) the morally wrong thing b) the morally right thing c) what other want d) what you want 13. Allowing that it is morally permissible for lawyers not to maintain confidentiality with their clients, or even that there are exceptions to this duty, could ________ the legal system. a) damage b) invigorate c) enhance d) neutralize 14. The justifiability or desirability of putting political concerns ahead of moral ones is very ________ a problem that occurs right at the centre of business ethics concerns, namely the justifiability or desirability of putting the business’s welfare ahead of transparently moral concerns. a) different from b) similar to c) incommensurate with d) interchangeable with 15. The concept of dirty hands is used extensively in business, as it is in war, to justify conduct that

some people find morally ________. a) objectionable b) acceptable c) necessary d) unnecessary 16. ________ has/have a direct interest in the ways that businesses behave. a) The government b) The public c) Shareholders d) All of the above 17. In the financial crisis that began in 2007, many lenders saw themselves as promoting the Clinton administration’s aim of home ownership for ________. a) the poor b) the middle class c) all working families d) everyone who could afford it 18. When the housing bubble burst in the financial crisis it led to a drop in prices so drastic that up to ________ of all homes in the United States had mortgages greater than their market value. a) one-tenth b) one-quarter c) one-third d) one-half 19. The ________ was signed in response to widespread calls for more stringent regulation subsequent to the financial crisis beginning in 2007 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis. a) Protect America Act b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act c) Dodd-Frank Act d) Competitions Act 20. The fact that business is not ________ should not suggest that it has no need for ethics. a) politics b) a profession c) a game d) something everyone is involved in

CHAPTER 3

1. Recent attempts to gain purchase on the problems of business ethics, especially to overcome the bias towards ________, have appealed to the notion of stakeholders. a) competition b) profits c) growth d) self-interest 2. The move towards a stakeholder approach is most frequently a bid for ________ in business. a) less government involvement b) more social responsibility c) more concern for profits d) better public relations 3. Owners, employees, customers, suppliers, industry, and the community are all groups of ________. a) agents b) stakeholders c) bureaucrats d) shareholders 4. Making a decision on the grounds that “it will be for their good” is ________ decision-making. a) corporate b) irresponsible c) political d) paternalistic 5. ________ believed that the only appropriate interest of a business is its shareholders. a) Robert Nozick b) Richard Titmuss c) Milton Friedman d) Kenneth Goodpaster 6. The term “stakeholder” is used to connote a(n) ________ in business. a) interest b) transaction c) conflict d) morality 7. According to Robert Nozick, stakeholders acquire a holding not through being affected by an activity but ________. a) by accident b) through open-ended dealings c) by a proper consensual procedure d) through signed legal contracts

8. Stakeholder claims seem to be asymmetrical: they apply only when self-interest is at stake, not when some ________ is required. a) sacrifice b) reward c) involvement d) concern 9. ________ have made a commitment by investing directly in a company. a) Shareholders b) Creditors c) Governments d) Retailers 10. Edward Freeman recommended the ________ of stakeholders in business decision-making as an aid to strategic management. a) contracting b) licensing c) mapping d) elimination 11. The virtue of the stakeholder concept is to remind managers, investors, and others with a large vested interest in business organizations that ________. a) a free society makes few demands on its citizens b) a market economy is not an unrestricted one c) a free society prevents citizens from being members of social institutions d) a market economy will collapse 12. Some folks hold that whatever is not legally forbidden is ethically ________. a) neutral b) permitted c) sanctioned d) forbidden 13. Studies indicate that the mining, construction, manufacturing, transport, agricultural, and fishing industries, and electricity, gas, and water production, had ________ incidences of occupational injury compared to the national average. a) higher b) lower c) roughly equal d) negligible 14. In the Burns Meat case, Burns asked its employees to accept a $5 per hour reduction in their base wages. Burns’s regional competitors were already paying 10 to 20 per cent less than Burns employees were receiving. The employees voted overwhelmingly to ________. a) accept the offer b) reject the offer c) go on strike d) continue to bargain

15. The testing of employees for drug or alcohol intoxication at their place of work has long been discussed as an option for employers, especially those in industries and services where ________ is paramount. a) national security b) corporate secrecy c) safety d) public exposure 16. Lewis Maltby, as vice-president of American manufacturer Drexelbrook, said that ________ of American companies that test for substance abuse believe it is unhelpful. a) one-tenth b) one-quarter c) one-third d) one-half 17. According to an article in Forbes, almost ________ of companies have had employee emails subpoenaed because of a workplace lawsuit, usually involving harassment or discrimination. a) 10 per cent b) 25 per cent c) 40 per cent d) 55 per cent 18. In the Hewlett-Packard case, the adoption of a more ________ investigation would have averted some of the fallout. a) thoughtful b) forceful c) secretive d) transparent 19. By 2005, almost a third of US employers had introduced programs to encourage their employees to stop smoking. Quaker Oats, Johnson & Johnson, Honeywell, Motorola, and IBM have cut employee ________ by introducing wellness programs. a) disloyalty b) alcohol and drug abuse c) unproductivity d) health insurance costs 20. According to an article in Forbes, employer monitoring of employees occurs because of “[p]ress leaks, theft of trade secrets and time wasting . . . . But the main reason is ________.” a) harassment b) bullying c) fraud d) fear of lawsuits

CHAPTER 4

1. Some writers, such as Carr and Friedman, have applied the notion of rules and laws to business and exempted it from the moral considerations that apply to ________. a) natural persons b) real life c) ethical situations d) everyday circumstances 2. If ethics is about human excellence, it is also about setting ________ standards for any agent, whether natural or artificial. a) maximum b) attainable c) real d) minimum 3. An extensive and comprehensive corporate ethics policy will not save a corporation from a major scandal if the company ________ fail to adhere to it in spirit and in action. a) employees b) rank and file c) executives d) human resources department 4. A reliance on ________ over ethics in setting standards sends a dangerous message to business. a) justice b) honesty c) law d) benevolence 5. Although ________ has long been an accepted part of corporate life, the practice is coming under increasing scrutiny. a) dishonesty b) gift-giving c) legal conduct d) generosity 6. ________ that can influence a decision are corrupting and harmful. a) Gifts b) Laws c) Policies d) Ethics 7. The most common form of corporate gift-giving is ________. a) a gift that is given to candidates for employment whom the organization is attempting to attract b) a gift that is given to former employees in gratitude for their dedicated service c) a gift that is given to an individual who is clearly connected to the giver in a business relationship

d) a gift that is given to an organization such as a charity or foundation that is not engaged in business dealings with the giving corporation 8. In the 1999 Millennium Poll on Corporate Social Responsibility, conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers found that two in three citizens ________. a) believe that companies’ only social responsibilities are to make a profit, pay taxes, employ people, and obey laws b) believe that executives have an obligation to use a corporation’s money for worthy causes c) feel that businesses should not contribute to charitable organizations d) want companies to go beyond their historical role and contribute to broader societal goals 9. If the ethical use of corporate funds amounts to justifying their use in terms of business purposes, then that should exclude ________. a) benevolence b) managers using their discretion unaccountably c) executives exhibiting respect for investors when making spending decisions d) corporate responsibility 10. We restrict the buying and selling of certain goods, such as tobacco and alcohol, because we believe that the harm done from an unrestricted market in such goods outweighs the ________. a) social benefit b) costs c) legal right d) individual preference 11. Honesty is a kind of ________. a) generosity b) accountability c) manipulation strategy d) self-interest 12. ________ is the ability to receive a truth or responsibility and sustain the confidence of others that you will not use it lightly or inappropriately. a) Honesty b) Compassion c) Trustworthiness d) Justice 13. Compassion is respect for the ________ of others. a) justice b) humanity c) demands d) equity 14. Fairness is part of justice, the part that relates to ________. a) social value b) equity c) contributions d) merits

15. ________ is essential to the market, for without it there is no incentive to minimize waste and maximize productivity. a) Competition b) Honesty c) Compassion d) Justice 16. Business is not, as Carr imagines, run according to its own rules, but must work within the rules and conventions of the ________ system. a) ethical b) legal c) social d) political 17. Based on Adam Smith’s theories, it is fair to say that in business, gain should only be sought ________. a) within the confines of justice and social morality b) within the confines of a strict legal code c) to eliminate the competition d) with the intention to pursue profit 18. Market justifications for ethically repugnant conduct are morally ________. a) important b) irrelevant c) damaging d) misleading 19. As Adam Smith recognized, law alone is ________ to support good business practices. a) necessary b) sufficient c) insufficient d) unnecessary 20. Of the case studies in your textbook, the ________ case resulted from a deliberate fraud that was clearly illegal. a) Bre-X b) British Airlines and Virgin Air c) Michael Milken and Drexel Burnham d) HIH Insurance...