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Jennifer Valad...

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Social Cognitive Theory ● Albert bandura ● Argued that humans were more than passive to the environment ● Pure behaviorism overlooks thinking Reciprocal determinism: external and internal determinants of behavior are part of a system of interacting influences ● Affect both behavior and various parts of the system ● People when faced with new issues , imagine possible outcomes , calculate probabilities, set goals and develop strategies ● Self regulation: controls behavior in the absence of external reinforcements and punishments Ex. external is you are getting your degree, internal is because you genuinely like to learn Its a combination between the two Using other experiences to make decsions

Observational Learning: People can learn by observing or reading or just hearing about other people’s actions ● Behaviors learned through observation need not be performed ● Performing an observed behavior depends on poeples expectations about the consequences Bobo doll experiemnt Self Efficacy ● Bandura argued people do not alter their behavior until they make a decision to expend the necessary effort ○ Outcome expectation; extent to which people believe actions will lead to a certain outcome ○ Efficacy expectation: extent to which people believe they can perform the actios that will bring about the particular outcome In order to alter a behaivior you have to believe and believe that itll work for you Sources of efficacy expectations ● Enactive mastery experiences ● Vicarious experiences ● Verbal persuasion ● Physiological and affective states

Assessment : Behavior Observation Methods ● Direct observation

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Watching behavior as it occurs ■ A representative amount of time is sufficient ○ If not possible , conduct an analogue behavioral observation ■ Situations are created in which the problem behavior is likely to occur ○ Accuracy of behavior can be imporved by: ■ Having two or more observers independently code the saem behaviors ■ Having operational definitions ● Self monitoring ○ Therapists ask clients to keep records of when and wheere they engage in certain behaviors ● Observation by others ○ Provides the most accurate asssessment of a client’s behavior ○ Used to complement data FINISH Strengths of the Behavioral /Social Learning Approach ● Solid foundation in empirical research ● Development of useful theraputic procedures ● Most useful approach for certian populations Criticisms of the Behavioral/ Social Learning Approach ● Narrow in its description of human personality ● Does not five inadequate attentiojn to the role of heredity ● Human beings are more complex than the laboratory animals ● Reduction are observable behaviors distorts the real issues of therapy...