FM lab Manual (1)-1 - Lecture notes 10 PDF

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Lab Manual Fluid mechanics (CHE 230)

Prepared by: Engr. Muneeb Ur Rehman

Department of Chemical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

General information of lab manual: Fluid Mechanics lab will provide students with a meticulous understanding of the system of units, fluid behaviour, momentum of flowing fluid, stress and friction in fluid etc. This engineering lab lays down the foundation of basics of chemical engineering approach and is designed for the students to gain hands on knowledge of operating the different fluid flow equipments for certain operations. The specific objective of the course is to familiarize students with the concept of fluid and particle mechanics. The students are required to do independent manual work on pumps, flow meters, valves, pipe fittings, Bernoulli‟s apparatus, and etc.

Text Book: 

Smith, M. “Unit operations of Chemical engineering Thermodynamics” 7th edition.

Learning Outcomes: In this lab students will able to identify the case and select different equipments e.g. flow meter, pipe fittings, pumps, and valves etc., calibrate the different flow measuring devices, calculate head loss due to friction, familiar with different types of pumps, pipe fittings and valves, to calculate power requirement to pump a fluid, Able to outline the applications of different fluid flow devices, solve different fluid flow problem using Bernoulli‟s theorem, develop, analyze, and design different fluid flow systems using the developed concepts and techniques for academic research. They will able to use their technical and managerial skills in fluid flow problems of particularly chemical industries.

Safety Rules and Regulations:     

Wearing close-toed shoes Wearing safety goggles when appropriate Eliminating all „horseplay‟ in lab situations Being respectful of the equipment and treating it with care Paying attention when moving around your equipment or other lab groups

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Instructions for preparing laboratory reports/books: Each experiment should include following: 1. Title of experiment 2. Objective 3. Theory/Concept/Background including relevant pictures 4. Procedure 5. Data analysis, modelling, discussion 6. Useful data/charts/tables 7. References    

Calculations to be done on blank page Diagrams should be neat and clean Readings should be completed in all aspects Date and experiment name should be mentioned

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

Page3

COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Table of Contents EXPERIMENT NO.01 ............................................................................................................................... 9 Volumetric flow rate using hydraulic bench ............................................................................................. 9 Objective………………………………………………… ………………………………………….6 Theory ................................................................................................................................................... 9 General Description of Hydraulic Bench .............................................................................................. 9 Unit Description .................................................................................................................................. 10 Startup procedure for Hydraulic bench ............................................................................................... 10 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Observations and Calculations ............................................................................................................ 11 Graph................................................................................................................................................... 12 Safety and Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 12 EXPERIMENT NO. 02 ............................................................................................................................ 13 Flow through an individual pipe ............................................................................................................. 13 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Application of Pipe networking in chemical industries: ..................................................................... 15 Procedures ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Observations and calculations............................................................................................................. 16 Graph:. ................................................................................................................................................ 17 EXPERIMENT NO.03 ............................................................................................................................. 18 Flow through parallel pipes by using different pipe configurations ........................................................... 18 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 18 Procedures: .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Observations and calculations:............................................................................................................ 20 Graph................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2Flow through Parallel Pipes in different configuration ...................................................................... 21 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Observations and calculations............................................................................................................. 21 Graph................................................................................................................................................... 22 Safety and Precautions: ....................................................................................................................... 22 EXPERIMENT NO.04 ............................................................................................................................. 23

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Flow through Series Pipe Network ......................................................................................................... 23 Objective: To determine the head loss of pipes connected in series ................................................... 23 Theory: ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Figure: Pipe connected in series.................................................................................................................. 23 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Observations and calculations:............................................................................................................ 24 Graph................................................................................................................................................... 26 Safety and Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 26 EXPERIMENT NO.05 ............................................................................................................................. 27 Flow through Ring main system ............................................................................................................. 27 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 27 When 2 valves are Open ......................................................................................................................... 28 Observations and calculations: .......................................................................................................... 28 When 3 valves are Open ......................................................................................................................... 29 Graph: ................................................................................................................................................ 30 Safety and Precautions: ....................................................................................................................... 31 EXPERIMENT NO.06 ......................................................................................................................... 33 Discharge coefficient determination by using venturi meter………………………………………...30 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 33 Equipment Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 34 Experimental procedure .......................................................................................................................... 35 General start-up procedure .................................................................................................................. 35 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 35 Observations and Calculations ............................................................................................................ 36 Graph................................................................................................................................................... 37 Maintenance and Safety Precautions .................................................................................................. 37 EXPERIMENT NO.07 ......................................................................................................................... 38 Flow rate measurement using venturi meter…………………………………………………………..35 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 38 General Start-Up Procedure ................................................................................................................ 39

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Observations and Calculations ............................................................................................................ 40 General Shut-Down Procedures .......................................................................................................... 41 Maintenance and Safety Precautions .................................................................................................. 41 EXPERIMENT NO.08 ......................................................................................................................... 42 Coefficient of discharge for Orifice meter……………………………………………………………...39 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 42 Bernoulli‟s Principle ........................................................................................................................... 43 Applications….. …. ............................................................................................................................. 44 Unit Description .................................................................................................................................. 44 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 45 Observations and Calculations ............................................................................................................ 45 Maintenance and Safety Precautions .................................................................................................. 46 EXPERIMENT NO.09 ........................................................................................................................ 48 Centrifugal pumps in single operation……….……………………………………………………….45 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 48 Structure of the Demonstration Unit ................................................................................................... 49 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 50 Observations and calculations............................................................................................................. 50 Method to produce characteristic curve .............................................................................................. 51 Safety and Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 54 EXPERIMENT NO.10 ......................................................................................................................... 55 Centrifugal pumps in parallel operation………………………………………………………………...52 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 55 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 55 Experimental Module.......................................................................................................................... 56 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 57 Observations and calculations:............................................................................................................ 57 Method to produce characteristic curve: ............................................................................................. 58 Safety and Precautions: ....................................................................................................................... 61 EXPERIMENT NO.11 ......................................................................................................................... 62 Centrifugal pumps in Series operation………………………………………………………………….59

Prepared By: Engr. Muneeb UrRehman

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COMSATS Institute Of Information And Technology

Fluid Mechanics Lab

Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 62 Theory. ................................................................................................................................................ 62 Experimental Module.......................................................................................................................... 63 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 64 Observations and calculations............................................................................................................. 64 Method to produce characteristic curve .............................................................................................. 65 Safety and Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 68 EXPERIMENT NO.12 ............................................................................................................................. 70 Pipe flow with friction ............................................................................................................................ 70 Objective. ............................................................................................................................................ 70 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 70 Fluid Friction Apparatus ..................................................................................................................... 71 Experimental procedure ...................................................................................................................... 73 Observations and Calculations ............................................................................................................ 73 EXPERIMENT NO.13 ............................................................................................................................. 74 Mechanics of fluid under sudden contraction and enlargement.............................................................. 74 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 74 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 74 Unit Description .................................................................................................................................. 76 Procedure ...............................................................................................................................