Fortinberry-whole - Fortinberry BOARD EXAM practice questions with key answers and rationale PDF

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CLINICAL APPLICATION OF FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCES(CHAPTER 1) The sinoatrial node is located in what chamber of the heart? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle Where in the tissues does nutrient exchange take place? A. Capillaries B. Interstitial spaces C. Arterioles D. Ven...

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[1] CLINICAL APPLICATION OF FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCES

7.

During periods of intense physical activity, many physiologic adaptations occur, especially in the

(CHAPTER 1)

circulatory system. Which of the following occurs during 1.

increased physical exertion?

The sinoatrial node is located in what chamber of the heart?

2.

Increased ventricular refilling, secondary to

B.

Decreased cardiac output

increased venomotor tone

A.

Left atrium

B.

Right atrium

C.

Left ventricle

C.

Decreased stroke volume

D.

Right ventricle

D.

Increased cardiac cycle time

Where in the tissues does nutrient exchange take

8.

place?

Which of the following is indicative of left heart failure? A.

Pitting pedal edema

A.

Capillaries

B.

Neck vein distention

B.

Interstitial spaces

C.

Orthopnea

C.

Arterioles

D.

Ascites

D.

Venules 9.

3.

A.

A patient asks the therapist to explain the function of

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular

his medication verapamil (a calcium antagonist). Which

volume the lowest?

of the following points should be conveyed in the therapist's explanation?

A.

Atrial systole

B.

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

C.

At the onset of rapid ventricular ejection

the heart and vasodilation of the coronary

D.

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

arteries.

A.

B. 4.

Verapamil causes decreased contractility of

Verapamil causes decreased contractility of

The heart contains a variety of different types of muscle

the heart and vasoconstriction of the coronary

fibers, each with a different frequency of spontaneous

arteries.

contraction. Which of the following has the shortest

C.

Verapamil causes increased contractility of the heart and vasodilation of the coronary arteries.

period (highest frequency) of spontaneous contraction? D.

Verapamil causes increased contractility of the

A.

Purkinje fibers

B.

SA node

heart and vasoconstriction of the coronary

C.

AV node

arteries.

D.

Myocardium 10. The protocol for a cardiac patient states that the patient

5.

6.

Stimulation of CN X will cause which of the following

should not exceed 5 metabolic equivalents (METs) with

effects?

any activity at this stage of recovery. Which of the

A.

Atrial fibrillation

following activities would be inappropriate for the patient?

B.

Sinus bradycardia

C.

Cardiac rigor

A.

Cycling 11 mph

D.

Ventricular fibrillation

B.

Walking 4 mph

The volume of air moved going from full forced

C.

Driving a car

D.

Weeding a garden

expiration to full forced inspiration is known as A.

Inspiratory capacity

11. During the opening of a patient's mouth, a palpable and

B.

Vital capacity

audible click is discovered in the left temporomandibular

C.

Total lung capacity

joint. The physician informs the therapist that the

D.

Inspiratory reserve volume

patient has an anteriorly dislocated disk. This click most likely signifies that

[2] B.

Digitalis

A.

The condyle is sliding anteriorly to obtain normal relationship with the disk

C.

Quinidine

B.

The condyle is sliding posteriorly to obtain

D.

Norepinephrine

normal relationship with the disk C. D.

The condyle is sliding anteriorly and losing

16. A patient is referred to physical therapy with a

normal relationship with the disk

secondary diagnosis of hypertension. The physician has

The condyle is sliding posteriorly and losing

ordered relaxation training. The therapist first chooses

normal relationship with the disk

to instruct the patient in the technique of diaphragmatic breathing. Which of the choices is the correct set of

12. In what position should the therapist place the upper

instructions?

extremity to palpate the supraspinatus tendon?

A.

Slow the breathing rate to 8 to 12 breaths per

A.

Full abduction, full flexion, and full external

minute, increase movement of the upper

rotation

chest, and decrease movement in the

B.

Full abduction, full flexion, and full internal

abdominal region.

rotation C. D.

B.

Slow the breathing rate to 12 to 16 breaths

Full adduction, full external rotation, and full

per minute, increase movement of the

extension

abdominal region, and decrease movement in the upper chest.

Full adduction, full internal rotation, and full extension

C.

Slow the breathing rate to 8 to 12 breaths per minute, increase movement of the abdominal region, and decrease movement in the upper

13. A 13-year-old girl has fractured the left patella during a

chest.

volleyball game. The physician determines that the superior pole is the location of the fracture. Which of

D.

Slow the breathing rate to 12 to 16 breaths per minute, increase movement of the upper

the following should be avoided in early rehabilitation? A.

Full knee extension

chest, and decrease movement in the abdominal region.

B.

45 degrees of knee flexion

C.

90 degrees of knee flexion

D.

15 degrees of knee flexion

17. Which of the following statements about cardiovascular response to exercise in trained and/or sedentary

14. During conference with the physical therapist, a respiratory therapist indicates that the patient has a low

patients is false? A.

A. B. C.

B.

Cardiovascular response to increased

The volume of air in a breath during

workload will increase at the same rate for

normal breathing is low.

sedentary patients as it will for trained patients.

The volume of air forcefully expired after a forceful inspiration is low.

D.

the trained patient's heart rate.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration is low.

If exercise intensities are equal, the sedentary patient's heart rate will increase faster than

expiratory reserve volume. What does this mean?

C.

volume during exercise.

The amount of air expired after a resting expiration is low.

Trained patients will have a larger stroke

D.

The sedentary patient will reach anaerobic threshold faster than the trained patient if workloads are equal.

15. During an evaluation a 74-year-old woman informs you that she is "taking a heart pill." The patient does not

18. A therapist is asked to examine a patient in the

have her medication with her but states that the

intensive care unit. The patient is comatose but

medication "slows down my heart rate." Which of the

breathing independently. During the assessment of

following is the most probable medication?

range of motion in the right upper extremity, the

A.

Epinephrine

therapist notices that the patient is breathing unusually.

[3] The pattern is an increase in breathing rate and depth

22. A 17-year-old athlete has just received a posterior

followed by brief pauses in breathing. The therapist

cruciate ligament reconstruction. The therapist is

should notify the appropriate personnel that the patient

attempting to explain some of the characteristics of the

is exhibiting which of the following patterns?

posterior cruciate ligament. Which of the following is

A.

Biot's respiration

B.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

C.

Kussmaul's respiration

D.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

incorrect information? A.

The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.

B.

Posterior bands of the posterior cruciate ligament are their tightest in full knee extension.

19. Which of the following statements is not a common physiologic change of aging?

C.

The posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus and not to the medial

A.

Blood pressure taken at rest and during

B.

Maximal oxygen uptake decreases.

C.

Residual volume decreases.

medial rotation of the tibia during full knee

D.

Bone mass decreases.

extension with open-chain activities.

meniscus.

exercise increases. D.

The posterior cruciate ligament helps with

20. A patient with cardiac arrhythmia is referred to physical

23. A patient starting to use antihypertensive medications

therapy services for cardiac rehabilitation. The therapist

must be observed when getting up or leaving a warm

is aware that the heart receives nerve impulses that

therapeutic pool in order to avoid an episode of

begin in the sinoatrial node of the heart and then

A.

Bradycardia

B.

Orthostatic hypotension

A.

Atrioventricular node, then to the Purkinje

C.

Dysrhythmias

fibers, and then to the bundle branches

D.

Skeletal muscle weakness

B.

Purkinje fibers, then to the bundle branches,

proceed to the

and then to the atrioventricular node C. D.

24. A patient whose exercise-induced heart rate is less

Atrioventricular node, then to the bundle

than the heart rate was before exercise is most likely

branches, and then to the Purkinje fibers

starting therapy with

Bundle branches, then to the atrioventricular

A.

Anticholinergic drugs

node, and then to the Purkinje fibers

B.

Alpha blockers

21. A 65-year-old man is scheduled to begin a wellness

C.

Beta blockers

D.

Antianginals

program. He has no cardiovascular disease, major systemic illness, or musculoskeletal abnormality. However, he is deconditioned because of an extremely

25. A patient inhales a beta agonist to relieve his asthma. After its use, you may notice A.

An increase in heart rate

beats/minute, and resting blood pressure is 145/92

B.

A few moments of incoordination

mm Hg. Which of the choices describes the most

C.

Flushing with red face

correct intensity, frequency, and duration at which the

D.

A decrease in blood pressure

sedentary lifestyle. Resting heart rate is 90

patient should begin exercise? 26. A patient is using a statin drug. Which of the following

A.

75Vo2max; 30 min/day; 3 days/wk

B.

40Vo2 max; 30 min/day; 5 days/wk

drug-induced signs or symptoms should be reported to

C.

40 Vo2 max; 10 minutes twice daily; 5

the treating physician?

D.

days/wk

A.

Muscle pain

75 Vo 2max; 10 minutes twice daily; 3

B.

Irregular heart beat

days/wk

C.

Persistent diarrhea

D.

Intermittent confusion

[4] 27. Statin drugs lower cholesterol by

B.

Increased blood pressure

A.

Preventing cholesterol absorption

C.

Tremors

B.

Binding to cholesterol in the intestines

D.

Motor deficits

C.

Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

D.

Inhibiting lipoprotein lipase

34. A patient with angina pectoris experiences some pain during exercise therapy and uses three tablets of

28. A patient is being treated with an antiarrhythmic drug. The drug might cause all of the following adverse reactions except A.

Dizziness and fainting

B.

Stevens Johnson syndrome

C.

Irregular heart beats

D.

Joint and muscle pain

sublingual nitroglycerin, but the pain does not subside. You should A.

Ask the patient to stretch out quietly and breathe deeply

B.

Tell patient to continue the medication until the pain stops

C.

Call 911 since this could signal a true heart attack

29. An asthmatic patient is to be exercised in a rather cool

D.

Administer two tablets of a non-narcotic analgesic to help reduce the pain

environment. It is recommended that the patient use the inhaler

35. Your patient is a 48-year-old male who reports to

A.

About 1 hr before exercise

B.

About 20 minutes before exercise

physical therapy with complaints of left shoulder and

C.

Just at the beginning of exercise

neck pain. Symptoms began insidiously 3 weeks ago

D.

At the first onset of breathing problems during

and have been increasing in frequency and duration

exercise

since that time. He notices the symptoms with lifting heavy objects and shoveling dirt for a garden that he is

30. A patient using a beta blocker is exercised and might experience all of the following except

building. Walking fast elicits symptoms. Symptoms abate after several minutes of rest. He is in relatively

A.

Some breathing difficulties

good health with the exception of high blood pressure

B.

Muscle cramps and pain

and shortness of breath. What system is most likely

C.

A smaller than expected increase in heart rate

affected?

D.

Some drowsiness

31. A beta blocker reduces blood pressure by all of the following actions except

A.

Cardiovascular

B.

Pulmonary

C.

Musculoskeletal

D.

Hepatic

A.

A reduction in cardiac output

B.

A reduction in central sympathetic outflow

C.

Inhibition of renin release

that you have been treating for left shoulder pain. He

D.

A reduction in peripheral resistance

was in a motor vehicle accident since you last treated

36. Your patient is a 38-year-old male who is a patient

him 2 days ago. He was the driver and was rear32. A patient on calcium channel blocker therapy might

ended. He hit his left side on the door handle and has

complain during therapy sessions about all of the

been having sharp pain in his ribs. X-rays the day of

following except

the accident revealed fractured ribs (ribs 6 and 7 on

A.

Lightheadedness and dizziness

the left). He has been having difficulty breathing and

B.

Muscle pain and joint stiffness

has been very short of breath. Sharp pain is noted on

C.

Tremors

the left with breathing and coughing. He has also

D.

Edema

noticed some blood in his sputum. What system is mostly likely the source of the patient's symptoms?

33. A patient under the influence of local anesthetic therapy might experience all of the following except A.

Some sensory impairment

A.

Musculoskeletal

B.

Pulmonary

C.

Cardiovascular

[5] D.

Hepatic

37. Aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix) fall into which class of antithrombics? A.

Thrombolytics

B.

Platelet aggregator inhibitors

C.

Anticoagulants

D.

Fibrinolytics

43. In children with osteogenesisimperfecta, fractures heal A.

Within the normal healing time

B.

More quickly than normal

C.

More slowly than normal

D.

Only with assistance of medication

44. Components of lower extremity alignment that contribute to toe in include (1.44)

38. Which of the following drugs should angina patients

A.

Femoral retroversion

B.

Femoral anteversion

always carry with/on them in case of an angina

C.

Calcaneovalgus feet

attack?

D.

External tibial torsion

A.

Nitroglycerin patch

B.

An ACE inhibitor

C.

Digoxin

D.

Sublingual nitroglycerin

39. The part of the respiratory system that is most effected by asthma is/are the A.

Bronchioles

B.

Trachea

C.

Nasal cavity

D.

Bronchi

40. Some of the classes of drugs used to treat angina include A.

Nitrates

B.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

C.

Alpha-blockers

D.

Diuretics

41. Beta-blockers that are useful in the treatment of hypertension

45. Osteochondritisdissecans occurs most commonly in the (1.45) A.

Capitellum

B.

Humeral condyle

C.

Medial femoral condyle

D.

Lateral femoral condyle

46. The joint most frequently involved in pauci...