Franz Lopez L&R - Exam-Cheat-Sheet PDF

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Lecture'1'–' Intro'to'the'Canadian'Legal' System ' Canadian'Legal'System:' 1. English!Common!Law!(9!Provinces!and!3!Territories)! 2. French!Civil!Law! ! English'Common'Law'(Case'Law'and'Statute'Law)'' 1.'Case'Law:!Laws!made!by!judges.!Lookin g!at!previous!decisions!to!extract!general!principles!to! be!applied!to!future!cases.!! 2.'Statute'Law:!Written!laws! made!by!legislation.!(Federal!or!Provincial).!Case!law!applies!in! areas!not!addressed!by!statues.!! ! Common'Law:!Lookin g!at!previous!decisions!to!extract!gen eral!principles!to!be!applied!to!future! cases.!Prin ciples!established!form!previous!case!law!and!the!statutes.!Applies!in!areas!not! addressed!by!statues.!! ! Regulations:!Similar!to!statutes!(also!written!laws).!Subordinate!to!statutes!but!related!to!the! statute.!Each!statute!has!a!set!of!Regs!that!are!made!in!relation!to!a!stat.!! Statute!=!outline!general!rules!(or!principles)! ! Regs!=!describe!the!details!of!carrying-out! general!rules! ! ! Statutes'vs.'Regulations'(Simplified)' ' -Statute!(or!A ct)!states'“ what'we'must'do”' ' -Regulations!states'“ how'we'must'do'it”' By-La ws:!Made!by!municipal/city!councils.!! !! Constitution'Act'of'1867'(the'B.N.A'Act)!! -Environmental!law!not!specifically!mentioned! ! ! Constitution'Act'of'1982'! -GB!no!longer!able!to!amend!our!Constitution!! -Created!the!Charter!à! Mention!of!Environmental!law! ! ! Basic'Categories'of'Law' Public'Law :!Interaction!b/w!government/police!and!individuals.!Ex.!Criminal/Constitutional!Law! Private'Law:!Between!individuals!only.!Ex.!Business!contracts,!property!and!fam!disputes! àTort!Law:'Adjust!the!losses!and!to!afford!comp.!for!injuries!sustained!by!one!person!as!the! result!of!conduct!of!another!(fix!what!you!broke).! Negligence'and!Nuisance'!! ! General'Principle'of'Environmental'Law! -If!something!escapes!from!your!property!onto!someone!else’s!property!and!causes!damage,! you!are!responsible!for!that!damage! ! Riparian' Rights:'The!right!of!a!landowner!to!use!and!enjoy!a!natural!watercourse!that!passes! through!his/her!land.!Riparian!rights!can!be!“trumped”!by!statutes!!

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Lecture'2'–'Legislative'Overview'' Environmental'Statues! st 1 'Gen'Statutes'(1970s):!Fundamental:!land,!air,!and!water!pollution!statutes!! “Command'and'Control”!restrictions!on!waste!and!pollution!! 2 nd 'Gen'Statutes'(mid'1980s-present):!“Evolution”!of!more!flexible,!creative,!and! broad!stats.!! ! Objective'of'Environmental'Law! -Protect!human!health!and!safety! ! -Protect!integrity!of!ecosystems! ! -Make!polluters!responsible!for!their!activities! ! -Promote!econo mic!growth!in!an!environmentally!responsible!manner!(Concept!of!sust.!growth)!! -Prevent!negative!environ mental!impacts!from!economic!development! ! -Provide!opportunity!for! citizens!to!participate!in!protecting!their!environment!! -Achieve!sustainable!development!! -Protect!diversity!of!wildlife/plant!life! ! ! Types'of'Offences! Criminal:!Very!high!threshold,!not!common!in!environmental!law!! Absolute'Liability:!No!requirement!for!intent,!not!common!in!environmental!law!! Strict'Liabilit y:!If!accused!can!prove!due'diligence'then!they!may!not!be!found!guilty!! ! Due'Diligence'–'Not'Guilty'If… ' 1.!Accused!took!all!reasonable!care!in!the!circumstance!to!prevent!the!incident!(most!common)! 2.!Accused!reasonably!believed!in!a!mistaken!set!of!facts,!which,!if!true,!would!render!the!act!or! omission!innocent!(This!defence!is!not!very!common.!! ! Due'Diligence:!! -Proactive!steps!taken!to!identify!and!prevent!environmental!incidents! ! -Preventing!all! foreseeable!environmental!problems! !

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Lecture'3'–' Approvals'' Approvals/Permits:!! -License!to!carry!out!“polluting”!activity.!An!environmental!approval/permit!is!generally!known! as!an!“ECA”!Environmental!Compliance!Approval!and/or!Environmental!Activity!&!Sector! Registry!-! “EASR”.!Formerly!called!a!“CofA”!Certificate!of!Approval.! !Your!business!must!have!an! environmental!approval!from!the!Ministry!of!the!Environment!and!Climate!Change,!for!the! following!activities:!1.!Discharges!to!air,!water,!land!2.!Removing!(taking)!water!from!a! watercourse!3.!To!operate,!modify!or!use!equipment!required!to!discharge,!dispose!or!remove! 4.!Store,!transport,!dispose!of!waste! ! Types'of'Approvals'in'Ontario' -ECA:!Covers!emissions!and!discharges!related!to!air,!noise,!waste!or!sewage.!! -Environmental'Activity'and'Sector'Registry:!The!registry!is!for!business!activities!that!pose! minimal!risk!to!the!environment!and!human!health,!and!are!already!regulated!by!pre-set!rules. ! -Renewable'Energy'Approval:!Approval!is!needed!for!most!solar,!wind,!or!bio-energy!projects.! Environmental'Bill'of'rights'(EBR):!Came!onto!force!1994.!Unless!specifically!exempt,!the! granting!of!a!ECA!is!public!knowled ge!and!the!public!has!a!right!to!comment.!!May!slow!down! the!approval!process!(bc!of!written!submissions!and!public!hearings).!!! ! Comprehensive'Air'Approvals! -Environmental!Assessment!and!Approvals!Branch!(EAAB)!à ! More!comp.!approach!rather!than! granting!nu merous!sin gle!approvals!à!Introduced!“Comprehensive'CofA”' -S.20!of!O.Reg!419/05!Air!Pollution!introduce!Compreh ensive!CofA ! -Facility!must!demonstrate!ongoing!compliance!with!existing!air!laws!! -Must!model!dispersion!using!AERMOD! ! -5-year!renewal!of!conditions!but!the!approval!to!operate!equipment!does!not!expire! ! ! Permit'to'Take'Water'–'OWRA'(s.34)' -If!taking!more!than!50,000!litres!in!one!day! ! -Does!not!apply!to!domestic,!farm!or!firefighting!uses!! ! Approval'Exemption'Regulations'(AERs)' -Clarify!which!activities!are!exempt!from!EPA!(Air)!and!OWRA!(Water)!approval!requirements!! -If!you!comply!with! legislative!conditions,!then!you!do!not!need!an!approval!(exempt!under!S.9)! -!Equipment!that!was!installed!prior!to!1972!and!has!remained!unchanged!since!then!is! “grandfathered”!and!does!not!need!an!ECA!–!unless!modifying! ! Who'Must'Obtain'Approvals?' -The!owner!of!the!site!à!The!equipment!and/or!process! -The!operator!of!the!site!à!The!equipment!and/or!the!process!behalf!of!the!owner!! -Any!person! who!rents!mobile!equipment!that!can!discharge!into!air!and/or!water! ! -Any!person!who!many!have!charge,!management,!or!control!over!the!process!! ! Emitter'Accountability:!Persons!requiring!an!approval!are!responsible!for!meeting!the! documented!legal!requirements.!IGNORANCE!OF!THE!LAW!CANNOT!BE!USED!AS!AN!EXCUSE!!! !

Lecture'4'–'CEPA,'1999'! FACTS'ABOUT'CEPA! Principle'Purpose'of'CEPA:!To!protect!our!environmental!future! ! ' Primarily'Controls'all'matters'dealing'with'toxic'substance' generated'by'human'activity:' ' -Use/manufacture/sale!! -Export/Import/Transpo.! -Release!to!environment! ! CEPA'Controls:!Both!inter-provincial!and!international!pollution!and!movement!of!haz.!Wastes! “Cradle-to- grave -management”!of!toxic!substances!à!MAJORRRRR'KEEYYY'(FOCUS)'OF'CEPA' ' Objectives:' -Reduce/eliminate!emission!of!certain!substances!! 2 2 -Better!pollution!prevention!(P )!and!environmental!emergen cy!(E )!planning!for!toxic!subs! -Control!movement!of!hazardous!wastes!(between!provinces!and!internationally)!! ! Expressly'Recognizes:' -Precautionary!Principle ! -Polluter -Pays!Principle! ! -Sustain.!Development! List'of'Substances:! -Toxic!Substances!lists!was!updated!in!January!2017!to!include!1500!substances! ! Virtual'Elimination:!! -The!reduction!of!releases!to!the!environment!of!the!most! dangerous!toxic!substances!to!a!level! below!which!these!releases!cannot!be!accurately!measured!! -Will!target!substances!that!are!extremely!toxic,!persistent!in!the!environment,!bioaccumlative,! and!caused!by!human!activity!! -Nov.!24,!2006!VE!List!contained!one!substance:!Hexachl orbutadiene0 -April!16,!2008!VE!added! Perflurooctane0Sulfonate! and!its!salts00 Aim'of'P 2 ' -Shift!focus!to!anticipation!and!prevention!of!pollution!rather!than!end-of-pipe!controls!! -GOAL:!Reduce!environmental!impacts,!save!costs!in!disposal!and!energy!consumption,! stimulate!new!technologies!! 2 Aim'of'E ' -Improve!overall!emergency!preparedness ! -Provide!better!info!public! ! -Provide!better!info!to!emergency!response!units ! -Designed!to!promote!prevention!and!ensure!preparedness,!response!and!recovery!regarding! environmental!emergencies! -Many!companies! already!have!some!form!of!prepared!plan,!as!part!of!a!spill!prevention!plan! !

Lecture'5'–'Waste'Management'' Waste'Jurisdictions'&'Responsibilities' ' Federal:!Inter-provincial!and!international!transport,!import!and!export!of!wastes! Provincial:'Generation,!storage,!collection,!processing,!treatment,!disposal!and!transport! Municipal:! Can!establish!own!by-laws!with!respect!to!waste!management!but!ultimately!must! compl y!with!fed eral!and!provincial!requirements!!! ' Roles'and'Responsibilities:'Provincial'Government'' -Set!standards!for!waste!sites!and!treatment,!transportation,!and!disposal!systems:! ! àIncineration! ! ! àLandfill!Sites! ! ! àComposting!! ! àRecycling! ! ! Roles'and'Responsibilities:'Municipal'Government'' -Provide!“community”!waste!management!services ! ! àCollection,!recycling,!and!disposal! ! àNon -hazardous!solid!wastes! ! àHousehold!hazardous!waste!(e.g.!batteries,!plant!etc.! ! ! àPri marily!deals!with!residential!waste! ! ! àSome!service!provided!to!small!business! ! ! Roles'and'Responsibilities:'Private'Sector'' -Private!Businesses!are!involved!in!all!aspects!of!waste! management: ! -Primary!service!provided!for!managing!hazardous!wastes! ! ! EPA'Part'V'–'Wast e'(O.'Reg.'347)! -Covered!both!hazardous!and!non-hazardous!wastes! ! àEx.!Domestic,!municipal,!corrosive,!ignitable!! ! àAgricultural,!asbestos,!hauled!liquid!industrial!waste!! -S.6:!Used!Tire!Sites!! 3 àS.27!approval!N/R!if!...