Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry- 9th Edition PDF

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Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially a...

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Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Reprinted by permission of the Hach Company

The pH ranges shown are approximate. Specific transition ranges depend on the indicator solvent chosen.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is © Cengage Learning.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

IIIB 3

*

IVB 4

VIIB 7 8

VIIIB 10

IB 11

IIB 12

44.9559

39

20

Ca

40.078

19

K

39.0983

88

Ra

(226)

87

Fr

(223)

(227)

Ac

89

138.9055

La **

Note: Atomic masses are 2009 IUPAC values (up to four decimal places). More accurate values for some elements are given in the table inside the back cover.

137.327

132.9055

57

56

Ba

55

Cs

88.9058

87.62

85.4678

Y

38

Sr

37

Rb

Sc

21

24.3050

22.9898

(268)

Db

105

180.9479

Ta

73

92.9064

Nb

41

50.9415

V

23

140.9076

140.116

U

92

144.242

Nd

60

(271)

Sg

106

183.84

W

74

95.96

Mo

42

51.9961

Cr

24

232.0381 231.0359 238.0289

91

Pa

90

Th

** Actinide Series

59

Pr

58

Ce

*Lanthanide Series

(265)

Rf

104

178.49

Hf

72

91.224

Zr

40

47.867

Ti

22

(237)

Np

93

(145)

Pm

61

(270)

Bh

107

186.207

Re

75

(98)

Tc

43

54.9380

Mn

25

(244)

Pu

94

150.36

Sm

62

(277)

Hs

108

190.23

Os

76

101.07

Ru

44

55.845

Fe

26

(243)

Am

95

151.964

Eu

63

(276)

Mt

109

192.217

Ir

77

102.9055

Rh

45

58.9332

Co

27

9

(247)

Cm

96

157.25

Gd

64

(281)

Ds

110

195.084

Pt

78

106.42

Pd

46

58.6934

Ni

28

(247)

Bk

97

158.9254

Tb

65

(280)

Rg

111

196.9666

Au

79

107.8682

Ag

47

63.546

Cu

29

(251)

Cf

98

162.500

Dy

66

(285)

Cn

112

200.59

Hg

80

112.411

Cd

48

65.38

Zn

30

14

VIB 6

13

12

Mg

6.941

11

9.0122

Li

Na

12.011

10.81

Be

3

(252)

Es

99

164.9303

Ho

67

(284)

Uut

113

204.38

Tl

81

114.818

In

49

69.723

Ga

31

26.9815

Al

B

(257)

Fm

100

167.259

Er

68

(289)

Fl

114

207.2

Pb

82

118.710

Sn

50

72.63

Ge

32

28.085

Si

C

6

4

1.008 5

IIA 2

VB 5

IVA 14

VA 15

VIA 16

(258)

Md

101

168.9342

Tm

69

(288)

Uup

115

208.9804

Bi

83

121.760

Sb

51

74.9216

As

33

30.9738

P

15

14.007

N

7

(259)

No

102

173.054

Yb

70

(293)

Lv

116

(209)

Po

84

127.60

Te

52

78.96

Se

34

32.06

S

16

15.999

O

8

(262)

Lr

103

174.9668

Lu

71

(294)

Uus

117

(210)

At

85

126.9045

I

53

79.904

Br

35

35.453

Cl

17

18.9984

F

9

1.008

H

1

IIIA 13

Metalloids

1

H

VIIA 17

Nonmetals

IA 1

Metals

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

(294)

Uuo

118

(222)

Rn

86

131.293

Xe

54

83.798

Kr

36

39.948

Ar

18

20.1797

Ne

10

4.0026

He

2

0 18

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

International Atomic Masses Element

Actinium Aluminum Americium Antimony Argon Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Beryllium Bismuth Bohrium Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Californium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copernicium Copper Curium Darmstadtium Dubnium Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Flerovium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Hassium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lawrencium Lead Lithium Livermorium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Meitnerium

Symbol

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Ac Al Am Sb Ar As At Ba Bk Be Bi Bh B Br Cd Ca Cf C Ce Cs Cl Cr Co Cn Cu Cm Ds Db Dy Es Er Eu Fm Fl F Fr Gd Ga Ge Au Hf Hs He Ho H In I Ir Fe Kr La Lr Pb Li Lv Lu Mg Mn Mt

89 13 95 51 18 33 85 56 97 4 83 107 5 35 48 20 98 6 58 55 17 24 27 112 29 96 110 105 66 99 68 63 100 114 9 87 64 31 32 79 72 108 2 67 1 49 53 77 26 36 57 103 82 3 116 71 12 25 109

(227) 26.9815386 (243) 121.760 39.948 74.92160 (210) 137.327 (247) 9.012182 208.98040 (270) 10.81 79.904 112.411 40.078 (251) 12.011 140.116 132.90545 35.45 51.9961 58.933195 (285) 63.546 (247) (281) (268) 162.500 (252) 167.259 151.964 (257) (289) 18.9984032 (223) 157.25 69.723 72.63 196.966569 178.49 (277) 4.002602 164.93032 1.008 114.818 126.90447 192.217 55.845 83.798 138.90547 (262) 207.2 6.94 (293) 174.9668 24.3050 54.938045 (276)

Element

Mendelevium Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Roentgenium Rubidium Ruthenium Rutherfordium Samarium Scandium Seaborgium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Ununoctium Ununpentium Ununseptium Ununtrium Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

Symbol

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Md Hg Mo Nd Ne Np Ni Nb N No Os O Pd P Pt Pu Po K Pr Pm Pa Ra Rn Re Rh Rg Rb Ru Rf Sm Sc Sg Se Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Tc Te Tb Tl Th Tm Sn Ti W Uuo Uup Uus Uut U V Xe Yb Y Zn Zr

101 80 42 60 10 93 28 41 7 102 76 8 46 15 78 94 84 19 59 61 91 88 86 75 45 111 37 44 104 62 21 106 34 14 47 11 38 16 73 43 52 65 81 90 69 50 22 74 118 115 117 113 92 23 54 70 39 30 40

(258) 200.59 95.96 144.242 20.1797 (237) 58.6934 92.90638 14.007 (259) 190.23 15.999 106.42 30.973762 195.084 (244) (209) 39.0983 140.90765 (145) 231.03588 (226) (222) 186.207 102.90550 (280) 85.4678 101.07 (265) 150.36 44.955912 (271) 78.96 28.085 107.8682 22.98976928 87.62 32.06 180.94788 (98) 127.60 158.92535 204.38 232.03806 168.93421 118.710 47.867 183.84 (294) (288) (294) (284) 238.02891 50.9415 131.293 173.054 88.90585 65.38 91.224

The values given in parentheses are the atomic mass numbers of the isotopes of the longest known half-life. From M. E. Wieser and T. B. Coplen, Pure Appl. Chem., 2011, 83(2), 359–96, DOI: 10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Molar Masses of Some Compounds Compound

AgBr AgCl Ag2CrO4 AgI AgNO3 AgSCN Al2O3 Al2(SO4)3 As2O3 B2O3 BaCO3 BaCl2 ? 2H2O BaCrO4 Ba(IO3)2 Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 Bi2O3 CO2 CaCO3 CaC2O4 CaF2 CaO CaSO4 Ce(HSO4)4 CeO2 Ce(SO4)2 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (NH4)4Ce(SO4)4 ? 2H2O Cr2O3 CuO Cu2O CuSO4 Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 ? 6H2O FeO Fe2O3 Fe3O4 HBr HC2H3O2 (acetic acid) HC7H5O2 (benzoic acid) (HOCH2)3CNH2 (TRIS) HCl HClO4 H2C2O4 ? 2H2O H5IO6 HNO3 H2O H2O2 H3PO4 H2S H2SO3 H2SO4 HgO Hg2Cl2 HgCl2 KBr KBrO3 KCl KClO3 KCN K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7

Molar Mass

187.772 143.32 331.729 234.7727 169.872 165.95 101.960 342.13 197.840 69.62 197.335 244.26 253.319 487.130 171.341 233.38 465.958 44.009 100.086 128.096 78.075 56.077 136.13 528.37 172.114 332.23 548.22 632.53 151.989 79.545 143.091 159.60 392.13 71.844 159.687 231.531 80.912 60.052 122.123 121.135 36.46 100.45 126.064 227.938 63.012 18.015 34.014 97.994 34.08 82.07 98.07 216.59 472.08 271.49 119.002 166.999 74.55 122.55 65.116 194.189 294.182

Compound

Molar Mass

K3Fe(CN)6 K4Fe(CN)6 KHC8H4O4 (phthalate) KH(IO3)2 K2HPO4 KH2PO4 KHSO4 KI KIO3 KIO4 KMnO4 KNO3 KOH KSCN K2SO4 La(IO3)3 Mg(C9H6NO)2   (8-hydroxyquinolate) MgCO3 MgNH4PO4 MgO Mg2P2O7 MgSO4 MnO2 Mn2O3 Mn3O4 Na2B4O7 ? 10H2O NaBr NaC2H3O2 Na2C2O4 NaCl NaCN Na2CO3 NaHCO3 Na2H2EDTA ? 2H2O Na2O2 NaOH NaSCN Na2SO4 Na2S2O3 ? 5H2O NH4Cl (NH4)2C2O4 ? H2O NH4NO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)2S2O8 NH4VO3 Ni(C4H7O2N2)2   (dimethylglyoximate) PbCrO4 PbO PbO2 PbSO4 P2O5 Sb2S3 SiO2 SnCl2 SnO2 SO2 SO3 Zn2P2O7

329.248 368.346 204.222 389.909 174.174 136.084 136.16 166.0028 214.000 229.999 158.032 101.102 56.105 97.18 174.25 663.610 312.611 84.313 137.314 40.304 222.551 120.36 86.936 157.873 228.810 381.36 102.894 82.034 133.998 58.44 49.008 105.988 84.006 372.238 77.978 39.997 81.07 142.04 248.17 53.49 142.111 80.043 132.13 228.19 116.978 288.917 323.2 223.2 239.2 303.3 141.943 339.70 60.083 189.61 150.71 64.06 80.06 304.70

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Excel Shortcut Keystrokes for the PC*

*Macintosh equivalents, if different, appear in square brackets TO ACCOMPLISH THIS TASK

TYPE THESE KEYSTROKES

Alternate between displaying cell values and displaying cell formulas Calculate all sheets in all open workbooks Calculate the active worksheet Cancel an entry in a cell or formula bar Complete a cell entry and move down in the selection Complete a cell entry and move to the left in the selection Complete a cell entry and move to the right in the selection Complete a cell entry and move up in the selection Copy a formula from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the formula bar Copy a selection Copy the value from the cell above the active cell into the cell or the formula bar Cut a selection Define a name Delete the character to the left of the insertion point, or delete the selection Delete the character to the right of the insertion point, or delete the selection Displays the Insert Function dialog box Displays Key Tips for ribbon shortcuts Edit a cell comment Edit the active cell Edit the active cell and then clear it, or delete the preceding character in the active cell as you edit the cell contents Enter a formula as an array formula Fill down Fill the selected cell range with the current entry Fill to the right Format cells dialog box Insert the AutoSum formula Move one character up, down, left, or right Move to the beginning of the line Paste a name into a formula Paste a selection Repeat the last action Selects the entire worksheet Start a formula Start a new line in the same cell Undo

Ctrl1` [z1`] F9 Shift1F9 Esc Enter [Return] Shift1Tab Tab Shift1Enter Ctrl1’ (Apostrophe) [z1’] Ctrl1C[z+C] Ctrl1Shift1” (Quotation Mark) [z1Shift1”] Ctrl1X [z1X] Ctrl1F3 [z1F3] Backspace [Delete] Delete [Del] Shift1F3 ALT Shift1F2 F2 [None] Backspace [Delete] Ctrl1Shift1Enter Ctrl1D[z1D] Ctrl1Enter [None] Ctrl1R [z1R] Ctrl11 [z11] Alt15 (Equal Sign) [z1Shift1T] Arrow Keys Home F3 [None] Ctrl1V [z1V] F4 Or Ctrl1Y [z1Y] Ctrl1A 5 (Equal Sign) Alt1Enter [z1Option1Enter] Ctrl1Z[z1Z]

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Microsoft® Excel Ribbon and Tabs for Excel 2010

Home Ribbon Wide View

Home Ribbon Narrow View

Insert Tab

Formulas Tab

Data Tab Not shown are Page Layout, Review and View Tabs

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Charles D. Winters

H2O 1 I32(aq) 1 H3AsO3(aq) S (a)

d 3I2(aq) 1 H3AsO4(aq) 1 H1(aq) (b)

Charles D. Winters

Color Plate 1 Chemical Equilibrium 1: Reaction between iodine and arsenic(III) at pH 1. (a) One mmol I3− added to one mmol H3AsO3. (b) Three mmol I− added to one mmol H3AsO4. Both combinations of solutions produce the same final equilibrium state (see Section 9B-1, page 202).

H2O 1 I32(aq) 1 H3AsO3(aq) S (a)

d 3I2(aq) 1 H3AsO4(aq) 1 H1(aq) (b)

Charles D. Winters

Color Plate 2 Chemical Equilibrium 2: The same reaction as in color plate 1 carried out at pH 7, producing a different equilibrium state than that in Color Plate 1, and although similar to the situation in Color Plate 1, the same state is produced from either the forward (a) or the reverse (b) direction (see Section 9B-1, page 202).

I32(aq) 1 2Fe(CN)64−(aq) S (a)