Fundamentals of English Grammar Workbook, 2nd Ed - 411p PDF

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WORKBOOK Betty Schrampfer Azar Donald A. Azar selfstudy practices (with answers given) so students can work independently guided study practices (with no answers given) for additional classwork, homework, or individualized instruction TEACHER'S GUIDE Available in full and split editions (A and B...

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WORKBOOK

Betty Schrampfer Azar Donald A. Azar

selfstudy practices (with answers given) so students can work independently guided study practices (with no answers given) for additional classwork, homework, or individualized instruction

TEACHER'S GUIDE Available in full and split editions (A and B) presentation suggestions background grammar notes techniques for handling exercises notes on cultural content, vocabulary, and structure usage suggested activities answers to Main Text and Workbook exercises

PRENTICE HALL

I

ISBN 0-13-347077-0

FUNDAMENTALS OF

ENGLISH Second Edition

WORKBOOK

Belly Schrampfer Azar Donald A. Azar

PRENTICE HALL REGENTS

Publisher: Kna B. Carver Managing Editor, Production: Sylvia Moore EditoriaVProduction Supervisor: Janet Johnston Editorial Assistants: Shelley Hurtle, Athena Foley Buyer and Scheduler: Ray Kearing Illustrator: Don Manineni Cover Supervisor: Marianne Frasco Cover Designer: Joel Mitnick Design Interior Designer: Ros Herion Freese

01999 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

ISBN

0-13-347097-0

I S B N 0-13-347071-7 I S B N 0-13-347089-X

(VOL. (VOL.

A) B>

L

Contents

PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xlx .......

Chapter 1

PRESENT TIME

PRACTICE PAGE 0 1-SELFSTUDY: Interview questions and answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. . . O 2-- GUIDED STUDY: lntroduclng yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . O 3-GUIDED: Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . 0 4-SELF: Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. . . . . 0 !%SELF: Forms of the slmple present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . 0 &SELF: Simple present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. . . . . . 0 7 - 4 UIDED. Flnal forms with -s/-es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . 0 8-SELF: Forms of the present and present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. 5. . 0 9-SELF: Slmple present and present progressive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . 0 lO-GUIDED:Slmple present and present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . 0 1 1-SELF: Frequency adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . 0 12-GUIDED: Simple present: frequency adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 0 1 3 S E L F : Present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . 0 14-- GUIDED. Present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ... 0 I S S E L F : Slmple present and present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. 1. 0 16-SELF: Present verbs: questlons and short answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 .. 0 17-GUIDED:Present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ..... O 18--G UIDED. Present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 .... 0 1%SELF: Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ..... O 2MUIDED: Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 ... O 21--G UIDED. Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 ... 0 2 2 - 4UIDED. Present verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 .... 0 23-SELF: Preposltions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 ....

CONTENTS

0 vii

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

247 %-SELF: Uslng who Inadjective clauses ......................................... 4-SELF: llslng who and whom In adjective clauses ............................247 +SELF: Using who and whom In adjectlve clauses ............................248 &SELF: Uslng who and who(m) In adjective clauses...........................248 7-- GUIDED STUDY: Using who and who(m) In adjective clauses ...............249 8-SELF: Uslng that or 0 In adjective clauses .................................... 249 ................. 250 9-SELF: Using who. who(m). that. and 0 In adjective clauses ISSELF: Who and who(m) vs. which ...........................................250 11-SELF: Using which, that, and 0 In adjective clauses ........................251 12-SELF: Object pronouns in adjective clauses: error analysis .................251 13-GUIDED: Object pronouns In adjective clauses: error analysis .............252 144UIDED: Uslng who. who(m), which, that. and @ in adjective clauses ....252 15-4 ELF. Pronoun usage In adjective clauses .................................. 253 1MUIDED: Pronoun usage In adjective clauses ..............................253 1 7 - 4 UIDED. Adjective clauses.................................................. 254 18- GUIDED. Adjective clauses.................................................. 255 .................................................. 1 9 - 4UIDED. Adjectlve clauses 256 2 0 4 E L F : Subject-verb agreement in adjective clauses ........................256 CONTENTS

0 XV

.. 16-SELF: That-clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309 17-GUIDED: That-clauses ....................................................... 310 ....................................................... 18-GUIDED: That-clauses 311 19-GUIDED: That-clauses ....................................................... 312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 20-SELF: Substituting so for a that-clause. 312 0 21-+ UIDED. Substituting so for a that-clause...................................313 0 0 0 0

Chapter 15 QUOTED SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

... 0 1-SELFSTUDY: Quoted speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2-SELF: Quoted speech 315

0 3-SELF: Quoted speech ........................................................ 315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4-SELF: Quoted speech -316 .. 0 %GUIDED STUDY: Quoted speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 GUIDED: Quoted speech ,318

recent illness and loss of my much loved mother and provided the support system in which our work together could continue and prosper. I am also greatly indebted to Shelley Hartle, our editorial assistant, without whom it would have been impossible to keep to production schedule. Though still new to the team, she adapted quickly and handled everything with aplomb, from proofing galleys and compiling indexes to tending the ducks when we had to be away. Many thanks to Janet Johnston, our production editor, who kept everything running smoothly on her end and was wonderfully supportive and understanding. Thanks similarly go to Sylvia Moore, managing editor. Special thanks also go to Tina Carver, publisher, who has been consistently supportive not only as a fiend but as a top-notch publishing professional whose sound judgment I highly respect. My appreciation goes, too, to Ray Adame, Barbara Barysh, Nancy Baxer, Eric Bredenberg, Karen Chiang, Athena Foley, Norman Harris, Terry Jennings, Gordon Johnson, Ray Keating, Andy Martin, Don Martinetti, Gil Muller, Ed Perez, Jack Ross, Jerry Smith, and Ed Stanford. In addition, my gratitude goes to Joy Edwards, Barbara Matthies, and R.T. Steltz. Chelsea Azar has been splendid. Finally, I am lovingly grateful to my father for his continuing support and involvement in my endeavors. Many of his ideas and suggestions are reflected in the text. BETTY SCHRAMPFER AZAR

XX

0

PREFACE

1

CHAPTER

Present Time m

0 PRACTICE I-SELFSTUDY

Interview questions a n d answers.

Directions: Complete the sentences with appropriate words.

-

A:

Hi. My name

B:

Hi. My

k

name

Kunio. is Maria. I

KUNIO:

I

glad to

MARIA:

I

from Mexico. Where

KUNIO:

I

MARIA:

Where

KUNIO:

On Fifth Avenue in

MARIA:

I

you, too. Where ?

living now? apartment. And you?

living in a dorm. your field of study?

Business. After I study English, I Administration. How

KUNIO:

?

Japan-

KUNIO: MARIA:

glad to meet you.

going to attend the School of Business you?

your major?

Chemistry. you like to do in your free time?

MARIA:

you have any

hobbies? KUNIO:

I

MARIA:

I read a lot and I

KUNIO :

Really?

MARIA:

Sure! That would be great! Thanks.

KUNIO:

I have to the class.

MARIA:

My f m t

to swim. How

you? stamps from all over the world.

you like some stamps from Japan? write your full name on the board when I introduce do you spell your name? is Maria. M-A-R-I-A. My last

ii Lopez.

Present Time

0 1

name is Kunio. K-U-N-1-0. My

KUNIO: My

name is

Akiwa. A-K-I-W-A. MAW:

Kunio Akiwa.

KUNIO: Yes, it MARIA:

that right?

. It's been nice talking with you.

I enjoyed it, too.

0 PRACTICE 2-GUIDED STUDY Introducing yourself. Directions: Write answers to the questions. Use your own paper. 1. What is your name? 2. Where are you from? 3. Where are you living? 4. Why are you here (in this city)? a. Are you a student? If so, what is your major field of study? b. Do you work? If so, what is your job? c. Do you have another reason for being here? 5. What do you like to do in your free time? 6. What is your favorite season of the year? Why? 7. What are your three favorite books? 8. Describe your first day at this school.

0 PRACTICE 3-GUIDED STLIDY Present verbs. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Directions: All of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and rewrite each sentence correctly.

Example: I no like cold weather. + I don't

lifw wid weather.

1. I no living at home right now. 2. I be living in this city. 3. Student at this school.

4. I am study English.

5. I am not knowing my teacher's name. 6. (supply name) teach our English class.

7. SheIHe* expect us to be in class on time. 8. We always are coming to class on time. 9. Tom does he going to school? 10. Tom no go to school. 11. My sister don't have a job.

12. Does Sara has a job?

*Choose the appropriate pronoun for your teacher, he or she.

20

CHAPTER I

13. Does you have a job? 14. Is Canada does it be north of the United States? 15. I never to go to my office on Saturday. 16. Ahmed, Toshi, Ji, Ingrid, and Pedro eats lunch together every day.

0 PRACTICE 4-SELFSTUDY

Present verbs. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3)

Directions: Use the given verb to complete the sentence that follows. Use the SIMPLE PRESENT or the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.

am sitting

1. sit

I

2 . read

I

the second sentence in this exercise.

3. look

I

at sentence 3 now.

4. write Now I

the right completion for this sentence.

5. do

I

6.sit

Iusually now I

7. read

at my desk right now.

a grammar exercise.

sit am sittinq

at my desk when I do my homework. And right at my desk to do this exercise. the newspaper, but right now I

I often

a sentence in my grammar workbook. 8. look

at the newspaper every day. But right now I

I

at my grammar workbook. 9 . write When I do exercises in this workbook, I

the answers in my

book and then I check them in the Answer Key.* Right now I an answer in the book. 10. do

grammar exercises every day. Right now I

I

Practice 4 in this workbook.

0 PRACTICE 5-SELFSTUDY:

Forms of the simple present. [Chart 1-11

Directions: Review the basic forms of the SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE by completing the sentences with the correct form of the verb ''SPEAK."

PART I: STATEMENT FORMS 1. I (speak)

speak

English.

2. They (speak)

English .-

3. He (speak)

English.

4. You (speak)

English.

5. She (speak)

English.

*The Answer Key to the selfstudy practices is in the back of this book. Present Time

0 3

7. Alex l i k e to dance

18. A frog c a t c L flies with its tongue.

8. Mike w a s h his own clothes.

19. Frogs are small green animals that

9. Rita go-

to school at seven.

10. Bees m a k e honey. 11. A bee v i s i t many flowers in one day.

4 0 CHAPTER 1

l i v e near water. 20. A turtle is another animal that live-

near water.

2 . They (speak)

English right now.

3. She (speak)

English right now.

4. You (speak)

English right now.

PART ZZ: NEGATIVE FORMS

am not speaking

1 . I (speak, not)

English right now.

2. They (speak, not)

English right now.

3. He (speak, not)

English right now.

4. You (speak, not)

English right now.

PART ZZZ: QUESTION FORMS 1 . (you, speak)

Are you speaking

English right now?

2 . (they, speak)

English right now?

3. (she, speak)

English right now?

4. (we, speak)

English right now?

Present Time

0 5

21. Reptiles

cold-blooded.

22. Their body temperature

the same as the temperature of their surroundings.

0 PRACTICE 10-GUIDED STUDY Simple present and present progressive. (Charts 1-1 + 1-3) Directions: Complete the sentences with DO, DOES, IS, or ARE. If no completion is needed, put a slash ( I ) in the blank. 1. A mosquito

flying around Sam's head.

2. Mosquitoes

pests.

3. They 4.

bother people and animals. a male mosquito bite?

5. No, male mosquitoes 6. Only female mosquitoes

not bite. bite ni&

and people.

7. A female mosquito to 3,000 eggs in her lifetime.

6 0 CHAPTER I

lays 1,000

Y

Iv

0 PRACTICE II-SELFSTUDY:

Frequency adverbs. [Charts 1-1 and 1-2)

Directions: Complete each sentence with an appropriate FREQUENCY ADVERB* from the list.

always

usually

often

sometimes

1. I see one or two movies every week.

seldom

rarely

often

+I

never go to the movies.

2. I let my roommate borrow my car one time last year.

rarefl~

+I

let my roommate borrow my car.

3. Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. + Maria

eats cereal for breakfast.

4. Four out of five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. -,Museum visitors

stay for at least three hours.

5. We occasionally have quizzes in Dr. Jacobs's history class. + Dr. Jacobs

gives quizzes in history class.

*See Chart 7-8 for more information about frequency adverbs. Present Time 0

-

--

--

- -- -

---

7

6. If the teacher is on time, the class begins at 8:00 A.M. Once in a while, the teacher is a few mintues late.

4

The class

begins at 8:00 A.M.

7. The train from Chicago has been late ninety percent of the time. + The train from Chicago is

on time.

8. In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. -+ It

rains there in the summer.

9. James asks me to go the the sailboat races every year, but I don't accept his invitation because I think sailboat racing is boring. +I

go to sailboat races with James.

10. Every time I go to a movie, I buy popcorn.

+I

buy popcorn when I go to a movie.

11. Andy and Jake are friends. They go out to dinner at least three times a week. -+

Andy and Jake

go out to dinner with each other.

12. Andy and Jake do business with each other every once in a while. Most of the time they don't discuss business when they go out to dinner with each other. -+

They

discuss business during dinner.

0 PRACTICE 12-GUIDED STUDY: Simple present: frequency adverbs. (Charts 1-1 and 1-2) Directions: Make sentences about yourself. Use FREQUENCY ADVERBS with the given ideas. Example: wear sandals in the summer + I usually wear sandals in the summer. Example: read poetry in my spare time -+ I rarely read poetry in my spare time. FREQUENCY ADVERBS:

always

usually

often

sometimes

seldom

rarely

never

1. wear a suit to class

2. go to sleep at ten-thirty 3. read mystery stories before I go to sleep 4. hand in my school assignments on time

5. listen to the radio in the morning 6. speak to strangers at a bus stop

7. believe the things I read in newspapers 8. call a friend if I feel lonely or homesick 9. wear a hat when the weather is chilly