Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 PDF

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ASME B31.8-2012 (Revision of ASME B31.8-2010) Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without licen...

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ASME B31.8-2012 (Revision of ASME B31.8-2010)

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

ASME B31.8-2012 (Revision of ASME B31.8-2010)

Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D

Three Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Date of Issuance: January 4, 2013

The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2014. This Code will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Interpretations, Code Cases, and errata are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted. The Committee Pages can be found at http://cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available to automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “Publication Information” section.

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2013 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii x xiv xvi

806 807

General Provisions and Definitions General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope and Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping Systems Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping Systems Component Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design, Fabrication, Operation, and Testing Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Training and Qualification of Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 12 12

Chapter I 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817

Materials and Equipment Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qualification of Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Materials for Use in Low Temperature Applications . . . . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation of Line Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conditions for the Reuse of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16

Table 817.1.3-1

Tensile Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

801 802 803 804 805

Chapter II 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827

Chapter III 830 831 832 833 834 835 Tables 831.4.2-1 832.2-1

Welding Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparation for Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qualification of Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stress Relieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weld Inspection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair or Removal of Defective Welds in Piping Intended to Operate at Hoop Stress Levels of 20% or More of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping System Components and Fabrication Details Piping System Components and Fabrication Details . . . . . . Piping System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design for Longitudinal Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supports and Anchorage for Exposed Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . Anchorage for Buried Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections, Special Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermal Expansion or Contraction of Piping Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

1 1 2 4

19 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 29 30 33 33

28 30

832.5-1

Modulus of Elasticity for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

Chapter IV 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849

Design, Installation, and Testing Design, Installation, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compressor Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control and Limiting of Gas Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customers’ Meters and Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas Service Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35 37 50 58 61 62 67 68 69 70

Tables 841.1.6-1 841.1.6-2 841.1.7-1 841.1.8-1 841.1.11-1 841.2.3-1 841.3.2-1 841.3.3-1 842.1.1-1 842.2.2-1 842.2.3-1 842.2.9-1 844.3-1 844.3-2 845.2.2-1 845.2.3-1 845.2.3-2 Chapter V 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857

Basic Design Factor, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Longitudinal Joint Factor, E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature Derating Factor, T, for Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Cover Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Field Cold Bend Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test Requirements for Steel Pipelines and Mains to Operate at Hoop Stresses of 30% or More of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of the Pipe . . . . . . . . . Maximum Hoop Stress Permissible During an Air or Gas Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Thickness Selection Table for Ductile Iron Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wall Thickness and Standard Dimension Ratio for Thermoplastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diameter and Wall Thickness for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nominal Values for Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Factors, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimum Clearance Between Containers and Fenced Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Steel or Plastic Pipelines or Mains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Pipelines Operating at 100 psig (690 kPa) or More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Pipelines Operating at Less Than 100 psig (690 kPa) . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating and Maintenance Procedures Operating and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Gas Transmission and Distribution Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution Piping Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous Facilities Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location Class and Changes in Number of Buildings Intended for Human Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Service Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Odorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uprating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

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40 40 41 41 43 44 48 49 51 53 53 55 61 61 62 63 63

74 76 82 85 88 89 90 91

Figure 851.4.1-1 Table 851.4.4-1 854.1-1 857.4-1 Chapter VI 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868

Allowable Ripple Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wall Thickness for Unlikely Occurrence of BurnThrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wall Thickness Allowance for Uprating a Ductile Iron High-Pressure Main or System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corrosion Control Corrosion Control — General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Corrosion Control for Steel Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . Cathodic Protection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation and Maintenance of Cathodic Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Corrosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel Pipelines in Arctic Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel Pipelines in High-Temperature Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stress Corrosion and Other Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Ductile Iron, and Other Metallic Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter VII

Intentionally Left Blank

Chapter VIII A800 A801 A802 A803 A811 A814 A817 A820 A821 A823 A825 A826 A830 A831 A832 A834 A835 A840 A841 A842 A843 A844 A846 A847 A850

Offshore Gas Transmission Offshore Gas Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope and Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offshore Gas Transmission Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . Qualification of Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conditions for the Reuse and Requalification of Pipe . . . . Welding Offshore Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qualification of Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stress Relieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inspection of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping System Components and Fabrication Details . . . . . . Piping System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expansion and Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supports and Anchorage for Exposed Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . Anchorage for Buried Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design, Installation, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strength Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compressor Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Bottom Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Gas Transmission Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corrosion Control of Offshore Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Corrosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cathodic Protection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Corrosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A851 A854 A860 A861 A862 A864

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78

80 88 93 94 95 97 97 97 98 99 100 100

102 102 102 102 103 103 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 106 107 110 111 112 112 112 113 114 114 114 116 116

Table A842.2.2-1 Chapter IX B800 B801 B802 B803 B813 B814 B820 B821 B822 B823 B824 B825 B826 B830 B831 B840 B841 B842 B843 B844 B850

Design Factors for Offshore Pipelines, Platform Piping, and Pipeline Risers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109

B860 B861 B864 B867

Sour Gas Service Sour Gas Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope and Intent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sour Gas Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding Sour Gas Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparation for Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qualification of Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stress Relieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Welding and Inspection Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piping System Components and Fabrication Details . . . . . . Piping System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design, Installation, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compressor Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Operating and Maintenance Considerations Affecting the Safety of Sour Gas Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....