Genocide Attack IN Myanmar PDF

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TI TLE:GENOCI DEATTACKI NMYANMAR

CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUNG AND INTRODUCTION

The Rohingya, a highly persecuted Muslim group numbering over one million, face discrimination both from their neighbors and their nation, and are not considered citizens by Myanmar’s government. Buddhist nationalist groups, including the MaBaTha and the antiMuslim 969 movement, regularly call for boycotts of Muslim shops, the expulsion of Muslims from Myanmar, and attacks on Muslim communities. After two waves of violence, reprisals, and riots in June and October of 2012 intensified the century-old conflict in the predominantly Buddhist country, more than one hundred thousand Muslim Rohingyas were internally displaced, and hundreds killed. The military signed a cease-fire with several armed ethnic groups in October 2015, but some major groups—including two of the largest militias continue to fight the government. While the cease-fire agreement was a potential step towards peace in Myanmar, it failed to finalize a framework for a new balance of power between the central government and local authorities in the restive borderlands or require ethnic groups to disarm. The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions by the Myanmar (formerly Burmese) government of the Rohingya people. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first occurred from October 2016 to January 2017 and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, while others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia. The Rohingya refugee crisis is caused by the Rohingya people having long faced violence and discrimination in Myanmar. Armed conflict escalated in August 2017 in Rakhine State, causing Rohingya to flee to nearby Bangladesh. U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres described the situation in September of that year as “the world’s fastest-developing refugee emergency and a humanitarian and human rights nightmare.” Following the border post incidents, the Burmese military began a major crackdown in the villages of northern Rakhine State. In the initial operation, dozens of people were killed, and many were arrested. Casualties increased as the crackdown continued. Arbitrary arrest, extrajudicial killings, gang rapes, brutalities against civilians, and looting were carried out. Media reports stated hundreds of Rohingya people had been killed by December 2016, and many had fled Myanmar as refugees to take shelter in the nearby areas of Bangladesh.

CHAPTER 2: OUTCOMES OF THE INCIDENCE

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Rohingyas arriving in Bangladesh fled after troops, backed by local Buddhist mobs, responded by burning their villages and attacking and killing civilians.

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At least 6,700 Rohingya, including at least 730 children under the age of five, were killed in the month after the violence broke out.

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Myanmar military also raped and abused Rohingya women and girls.

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The military operations displaced a large number of people that spurred a refugee crisis. According to UN reports, over 700,000 people had fled or had been driven out of Rakhine State and took shelter in neighboring Bangladesh as refugees as of September 2018.

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Subsequently, in November 2017, the governments of Bangladesh and Myanmar signed a deal to facilitate the return of Rohingya refugees to Rakhine State within two months, which drew mixed responses from international onlookers.

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There were also reports of mass killings of Rohingyas by the military and Buddhist vigilantes in Chut Pyin village near Rathedaung. Chris Lewa, director of the Arakan Project stated that they had received reports of 130 being killed in the village.

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at least 392 Rohingya villages in Rakhine State had been razed to the ground since 25 August 2017.

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Before the Inn Din massacre in early September 2017, members of Myanmar military and the Buddhist villagers of Inn Din looted the Rohingya hamlets in Inn Din and then burned down the Rohingya houses.[133] Several Buddhist villagers later confessed to Reuters that they set fire to the Rohingya houses with kerosene and participated in the massacre on 2 September.

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Since the 25 August incident, Myanmar blocked media access and the visits of international bodies to Rakhine State. Near Rangoon on 12 December 2017, two Reuters journalists who had been covering the refugee story were charged and imprisoned by the police for violating a 1923 colonial law related to secrecy.[146] On 1 February 2018, a Myanmar court denied bail for the two Reuters journalists.

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The ongoing genocide against the Rohingya people garnered strong criticism internationally and generated serious concern about the human rights issues. International communities and human rights officials have described the violence as ethnic

cleansing and genocide. Soon after the security forces and Buddhist militia started "clearance operations", the world leaders warned the Myanmar authority to avoid civilian casualties.

CHAPTER 3: LONG TERM SOLUTIONS TO CRISIS

Two years after the people of the Rohingya minority fled Myanmar, 900.000 refugees are trying to rebuild their lives in neighboring Bangladesh. The continued uncertainty of the Rohingya’s status and right to return to their homeland, coupled with a lack of education, learning, and working opportunities in the camps, put them in an extremely vulnerable position. Although the Bangladeshi government have been very generous in accommodating the refugees, we need to find a long-terms solution for the Rohingya as well as the Bangladeshi host communities. -

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Improved trust and coordination: urgent, lifesaving needs, providing shelter, clean water, health services and education to the refugees. gain trust with the government body responsible for the humanitarian response to the Rohingya, the RRRC Office, and increase their engagement with organizations working in the Rohingya camps. Reduce risk of violence against women and girls: setting up a project to greatly reduce the prevalence of such negative coping mechanisms and make life in the camps safer for women and children. UNICEF’s safe spaces for women and girls, where they learn practical skills like dressmaking and gardening, as they talk about issues that are important to them. provide some services against gender-based violence and give them information about additional services that are available to help them” Training youth to cover community needs: Rohingya children do not have access to the national education system in Bangladesh. To respond to the high level of out-of-school youth, NORCAP has deployed two experts who are responsible for designing and implementing practical vocational training of Rohingya youth. They contribute to developing curriculums and provide training of local partners on how to develop similar programmes. These programmes are important because they provide youth with the tools and knowledge needed to make a living, while also reducing the risk of trafficking, child labour, prostitution, and early marriage.

CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RECONCILIATION

Establishment of an indigenous investigation team to look into violations of international human rights law and human rights abuses in the wake of the 2012 ethnic violence between Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in Arakan state in accordance with the United Nations Charta.

Instantaneous removal of blockade of aid like food, medical supplies and other essential items by the government into the Rohingya IDP camps. Provide access of safe passage to humanitarian and relief agencies into Rohingya IDP camps. Immediate uplifting of discriminatory policies and restrictions such as on movement, marriage, holding property, taxation thus providing freedom and ease to live. Myanmar‘s policy for minorities requires to be in line with international human rights framework. A policy transformation in the official attitude towards the minorities by acknowledgement of their narrative of history, upholding of respect for all forms of diversity and accepting their legal and social rights. All world leaders’ particularly Asian leaders should call on the Myanmar army and force them to cease their clearance operations in Rakhine State. Every world leader who holds any meeting with Suu Kyi must emphasize on this brutal crisis basing upon humanitarian grounds. Regional governments like those of China, India and Bangladesh should pledge to the Myanmar government that they will provide full support and cooperation to them in locating and arresting Rohingya militants if any such evidence is found. International humanitarian architecture should play its role to allow UN investigation teams, aid workers, and journalists to operate freely for welfare. Religious scholars should also actively work for the cause as no religion allows such coercive acts. Pope Francis who is scheduled to visit Myanmar in November should make pleas to Suu Kyi and the Burma government and take positive stand in favor of Rohingya Muslims. The Constitution of Myanmar needs arbitration and requires recognizing scores of stateless people living within the country, and make amendments and alterations to not only provide them citizenship status but also generate religious, legal, social and economic space for the recognition of their basic human rights. To fulfill the purpose, the 1982 Citizenship Law warrants immediate modification for removal of discriminatory clauses against Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in the region, and accord them citizenship status to enable them to enjoy their fundamental rights in a civilized, democratic country.

CONCERNS As the U.S.-Myanmar relationship warms, disagreements over human rights issues will remain a divisive factor. However, Myanmar’s stability is increasingly important to U.S. interests given Myanmar’s strategic importance in Southeast Asia, vast natural resources, and emerging democratic government.

CONCLUSION

The circumstances in Myanmar are snowballing enormously into a major humanitarian crisis, and have begun to have ripple effects over the region in terms of rebirth of transitional crimes, insecure state borders, social impacts on hosting countries religious, ethnic and cultural balance etc. Despite international provisions, treaties, global conventions and other diplomatic measures to prevent the occurrence of atrocities, crimes and fiercely actions on civilians, violence against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar continues unabated. In case of Myanmar, strengthening and rebuilding its commitment to democratic ideals, human rights and Rule of Law, should not be under limitation of just providing immediate security and relief to the suffering Rohingyas, as it is the bare minimum possible i feel. It must include a long-term, permanent and accountable stratagem that helps integrate the Rohingyas and other minorities; recognizing their sacrifices and contributions to the country thus creating spaces for every person, without discrimination and giving full expression of speech to his or her potential, free from any fear, resultantly leading the peace and tranquility to prevail around the globe.

References COUNCIL, D. (n.d.). Recommendations to solve the Rohingya Crisis. Fossvik, I. S. (2020). Long-term solutions for the Rohingya response. Norwegian Refugee Council. Mahecic, A. (n.d.). Rohingya crisis needs lasting solutions. UNHCR INDIA. NEWS, B. (n.d.). Myanmar Rohingya: What you need to know about the crisis. Reid, K. (2020). Rohingya refugee crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. WORLD VISION. Relations, C. o. (2021). Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar. Global Conflict Tracker. Tin, S. P. (2020). Myanmar's genocide against Rohingya not over, says rights group. The Guardian. WIKIPEDIA.ORG. (n.d.). Rohingya genocide....