Global Interstate System handouts 2021.pdf PDF

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GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEMThe Attributes of Today’s Global System 1. countries or states are independent and govern themselves; 2. these countries interact with each other through diplomacy; 3. international organizations facilitate these interactions (i. UN); and 4. international organizations also t...

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GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM The Attributes of Today’s Global System 1. countries or states are independent and govern themselves; 2. these countries interact with each other through diplomacy; 3. international organizations facilitate these interactions (i.e. UN); and 4. international organizations also take on lives of their own. Nation-state – relatively modern phenomenon in the human history whereby it composed of two noninterchangeable terms: nation and state. a. Nation, according to Benedict Anderson, is an “imagined community” and does not go beyond a given “official boundary”. It is inherently limited and sovereign. It has boundaries, meaning not anyone can be a Filipino. - this refers to large group of people who share common characteristics such as language, traditions and ethnicity. b. State, in layman’s terms, refers to a country and its government. - a community of persons more or less numerous occupying a definite territory completely free of external control and possessing an organized government to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.

Interstate system – a system of competing and allying states. Treaty of Westphalia – set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War between the major continental powers of Europe. It was designed to avert wars in the future by recognizing that the treaty signers exercise complete control over their domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each other’s affairs and provide stability for the nations of Europe. Concert of Europe – alliance of “great powers” of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia that sought to restore the world of monarchial, hereditary and religious privileges of the time before the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. This Metternich system (named after the Austrian diplomat, Klemens von Metternich, the system’s main architect) lasted from 1815 to 1914, at the dawn of World War I. The above interstate system have been attempted to be transcend. They imagine system that heightened interaction between the nation states, the one in the box are the principles they employed in creating the systems and below it are its examples or manifestation in history. Principles of Interstate System NATIONALISM – a doctrine and/or a political movement that seeks to make the nation the basis of a political structure especially a state. It is a sense of national consciousness that generally exalts one’s own nation above others, and focuses on the promotion of interests. INTERNATIONALISM- desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and people. In a more comprehensive definition, it is a political principle that places the interests of the entire world above those of individual nations and argues for cooperation among nations for common good. This can be divided into two broad categories: liberal internationalism and socialist internationalism. Liberal internationalism - set of related concepts on how to best organize international relations between states and non-state actors that emphasize a belief in international progress, interdependence, cooperation, diplomacy, multilateralism, and support for international political structures and organizations. The theory assumes that we can move past the violence and anarchy of the international system through cooperation. Liberal internationalists believe that humans by nature are good, or at least, not naturally aggressive. They also have faith in the good that both domestic and international organizations and institutions can do. Socialist internationalism – believes that it is possible to build a better world based upon the twin goals of equality and social justice. Nations should work together to create a more peaceful world and finally bring an end to capitalist exploitation. They argue that there is a shared common interest amongst the

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working-class. Our identity is determined by economic forces rather than artificially-imposed national boundaries. Immanuel Kant – first major thinker of liberal internationalism that likened states in a global system to people living in a given territory. Jerry Bentham – British philosopher who coined the term “international” in 1780. He believed that objective global legislators should aim to propose legislation that would create “the greatest happiness of all nations taken together”. Giuseppe Mazzini – first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal internationalism in 19th century. He believed in a Republican government and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system and that free, independent states would be the basis of an equally free, cooperative international system. Moreover, as a nationalist internationalist, he believes that free, unified nation-states should be the basis of global cooperation. Woodrow Wilson – American president during 1913-1921 who became one of the 20th century’s most prominent internationalist. He believed in the principle of self-determination - the belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free and sovereign government. He hoped that free nations would become democracies only by being such would they be able to build a free system of international relations based on international law and cooperation. League of Nations – established in 1919 and a concretization of liberal internationalism. This is a venue for conciliation and arbitration to prevent another war. Despite being a failure, it gave birth to some of the more task-specific international organizations that are still around until today. Karl Marx - German socialist philosopher and internationalist and one of Mazzini’s biggest critics. He believed that any true form of internationalism should deliberately reject nationalism which rooted people in domestic concerns instead of global ones. Instead, he placed a premium on economic quality; he did no divide the world into countries but into classes. The Socialist International (SI) – union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) – a more radical version of the collapsed SI. It is a revolutionary government led by the Bolshevik Party and its leader, Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks did not believe in obtaining power for the working class through election. Rather, they exhorted the revolutionary “vanguard” parties to lead the revolutions across the world. Communist parties – parties that provide power for the working class using methods of terror if necessary. Communist International (Comintern) – established by Lenin in 1919 that served as the central body for directing Communist parties all over the world. After World War II, it is late re-established as Communist Information Bureau (Cominform). The following are the effects of Globalization to Governments 1. It led to emergence of ‘post-sovereign’ governance. 2. It spurred several shifts in the main attributes of ‘States’. 3. It promoted moves toward multilayered governance. 4. It encouraged some privatization of governance.

THE UNITED NATIONS AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE International Organizations (IOs) – international intergovernmental organizations or groups that are primarily made up of member-states.

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