Handbook of Partial Least Squares Concepts Methods and Applications PDF

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Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics Series Editors James E. Gentle Wolfgang K. Härdle Yuichi Mori For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7286 Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi Wynne W. Chin Jörg Henseler Huiwen Wang Editors Handbook of Partial Least Squares Concepts, Methods and Appli...

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Springer Handbooks of Computational Statistics

Series Editors James E. Gentle Wolfgang K. Härdle Yuichi Mori

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7286

Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi Wynne W. Chin Jörg Henseler Huiwen Wang Editors

Handbook of Partial Least Squares Concepts, Methods and Applications

123

Editor-in-Chief Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi ESSEC Business School of Paris and Singapore Department of Information Systems & Decision Sciences Avenue Bernard Hirsch - B.P. 50105 95021 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France [email protected] Editors Wynne W. Chin Bauer Faculty Fellow Department of Decision and Information Sciences C.T. Bauer College of Business 334 Melcher Hall, room 280D University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-6282 [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-32825-4

Jörg Henseler Nijmegen School of Management Institute for Management Research Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen 6500 HK Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected]

Huiwen Wang School of Economic Management BeiHang University 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District Beijing 100191 P. R. China [email protected]

e-ISBN 978-3-540-32827-8

DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009943435 ©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents

Editorial: Perspectives on Partial Least Squares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi, Wynne W. Chin, J¨org Henseler, and Huiwen Wang

1

Part I Methods PLS Path Modeling: Concepts, Model Estimation and Assessment 1

Latent Variables and Indices: Herman Wold’s Basic Design and Partial Least Squares .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 23 Theo K. Dijkstra

2

PLS Path Modeling: From Foundations to Recent Developments and Open Issues for Model Assessment and Improvement .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 47 Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi, Laura Trinchera, and Silvano Amato

3

Bootstrap Cross-Validation Indices for PLS Path Model Assessment . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 83 Wynne W. Chin

PLS Path Modeling: Extensions 4

A Bridge Between PLS Path Modeling and Multi-Block Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 99 Michel Tenenhaus and Mohamed Hanafi

5

Use of ULS-SEM and PLS-SEM to Measure a Group Effect in a Regression Model Relating Two Blocks of Binary Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .125 Michel Tenenhaus, Emmanuelle Mauger, and Christiane Guinot

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A New Multiblock PLS Based Method to Estimate Causal Models: Application to the Post-Consumption Behavior in Tourism . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .141 Francisco Arteaga, Martina G. Gallarza, and Irene Gil

7

An Introduction to a Permutation Based Procedure for Multi-Group PLS Analysis: Results of Tests of Differences on Simulated Data and a Cross Cultural Analysis of the Sourcing of Information System Services Between Germany and the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .171 Wynne W. Chin and Jens Dibbern

PLS Path Modeling with Classification Issues 8

Finite Mixture Partial Least Squares Analysis: Methodology and Numerical Examples .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .195 Christian M. Ringle, Sven Wende, and Alexander Will

9

Prediction Oriented Classification in PLS Path Modeling . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .219 Silvia Squillacciotti

10 Conjoint Use of Variables Clustering and PLS Structural Equations Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .235 Valentina Stan and Gilbert Saporta PLS Path Modeling for Customer Satisfaction Studies 11 Design of PLS-Based Satisfaction Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .247 Kai Kristensen and Jacob Eskildsen 12 A Case Study of a Customer Satisfaction Problem: Bootstrap and Imputation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .279 Clara Cordeiro, Alexandra Mach´as, and Maria Manuela Neves 13 Comparison of Likelihood and PLS Estimators for Structural Equation Modeling: A Simulation with Customer Satisfaction Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .289 Manuel J. Vilares, Maria H. Almeida, and Pedro S. Coelho 14 Modeling Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Covariance Structure Analysis Versus Partial Least Squares .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .307 John Hulland, Michael J. Ryan, and Robert K. Rayner

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PLS Regression 15 PLS in Data Mining and Data Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .327 Svante Wold, Lennart Eriksson, and Nouna Kettaneh 16 Three-Block Data Modeling by Endo- and Exo-LPLS Regression . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .359 Solve Sæbø, Magni Martens, and Harald Martens 17 Regression Modelling Analysis on Compositional Data .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .381 Huiwen Wang, Jie Meng, and Michel Tenenhaus Part II Applications to Marketing and Related Areas 18 PLS and Success Factor Studies in Marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .409 S¨onke Albers 19 Applying Maximum Likelihood and PLS on Different Sample Sizes: Studies on SERVQUAL Model and Employee Behavior Model.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .427 Carmen Barroso, Gabriel Cepeda Carri´on, and Jos´e L. Rold´an 20 A PLS Model to Study Brand Preference: An Application to the Mobile Phone Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .449 Paulo Alexandre O. Duarte and M´ario Lino B. Raposo 21 An Application of PLS in Multi-Group Analysis: The Need for Differentiated Corporate-Level Marketing in the Mobile Communications Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .487 Markus Eberl 22 Modeling the Impact of Corporate Reputation on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Using Partial Least Squares . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .515 Sabrina Helm, Andreas Eggert, and Ina Garnefeld 23 Reframing Customer Value in a Service-Based Paradigm: An Evaluation of a Formative Measure in a Multi-industry, Cross-cultural Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .535 David MartKın Ruiz, Dwayne D. Gremler, Judith H. Washburn, and Gabriel Cepeda Carri´on 24 Analyzing Factorial Data Using PLS: Application in an Online Complaining Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .567 Sandra Streukens, Martin Wetzels, Ahmad Daryanto, and Ko de Ruyter

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Contents

25 Application of PLS in Marketing: Content Strategies on the Internet . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .589 Silvia Boßow-Thies and S¨onke Albers 26 Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) in TQM Research: TQM Practices and Business Performance in SMEs . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .605 Ali Turkyilmaz, Ekrem Tatoglu, Selim Zaim, and Coskun Ozkan 27 Using PLS to Investigate Interaction Effects Between Higher Order Branding Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .621 Bradley Wilson Part III

Tutorials

28 How to Write Up and Report PLS Analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .655 Wynne W. Chin 29 Evaluation of Structural Equation Models Using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .691 Oliver G¨otz, Kerstin Liehr-Gobbers, and Manfred Krafft 30 Testing Moderating Effects in PLS Path Models: An Illustration of Available Procedures .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .713 J¨org Henseler and Georg Fassott 31 A Comparison of Current PLS Path Modeling Software: Features, Ease-of-Use, and Performance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .737 Dirk Temme, Henning Kreis, and Lutz Hildebrandt 32 Introduction to SIMCA-P and Its Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .757 Zaibin Wu, Dapeng Li, Jie Meng, and Huiwen Wang 33 Interpretation of the Preferences of Automotive Customers Applied to Air Conditioning Supports by Combining GPA and PLS Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .775 Laure Nokels, Thierry Fahmy, and S´ebastien Crochemore Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .791

List of Contributors

S¨onke Albers Institute of Innovation Research, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Westring 425, 24098 Kiel, Germany, [email protected] Maria H. Almeida Faculty of Economics, New University of Lisbon, Campus de Campolide, 1099-032 Lisbon, Portugal, [email protected] Silvano Amato Dipartimento di Matematica e Statistica, Universit`a degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia 26, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy, [email protected] Francisco Arteaga Department of Statistics, Universidad Cat´olica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Guillem de Castro, 175, Valencia 46008, Spain, [email protected] Carmen Barroso Management and Marketing Department, University of Seville, Ram´on y Cajal, 1, 41018 Sevilla, Spain, [email protected] Silvia Boßow-Thies Capgemini Telecom Media and Networks Deutschland GmbH, Neues Kanzler Eck 21, 10719 Berlin, Germany, [email protected] Gabriel Cepeda Carri´on Departamento de Administraci´on de Empresas y Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, Ram´on y Cajal, 1, 41018 Sevilla, Spain, [email protected] Wynne W. Chin Department of Decision and Information Sciences, Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, TX, USA, [email protected] Pedro S. Coelho ISEGI – New University of Lisbon, Campus de Campolide, 1070-032 Lisbon, Portugal, [email protected] Clara Cordeiro Department of Mathematics, FCT, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal, [email protected] S´ebastien Crochemore Materials Engineering Department, Technocentre Renault 1, avenue du Golf, API TCR LAB 252, 78 288 Guyancourt Cedex, France, [email protected]

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List of Contributors

Ahmad Daryanto Department of Business Analysis, Systems and Information Management, Newcastle Business School, City Campus East, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK, [email protected] Ko de Ruyter Department of Marketing and Marketing Research, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, The Netherlands, [email protected] Jens Dibbern Department of Information Engineering, Institute of Information Systems, University of Bern, Engehaldenstr. 8, Room 204, 3012 Bern, Switzerland, [email protected] Theo K. Dijkstra SNS Asset Management, Research and Development, Pettelaarpark 120, P.O. Box 70053, 5201 DZ ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, [email protected] and University of Groningen, Economics and Econometrics, Zernike Complex, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands, [email protected] Paulo Alexandre de Oliveira Duarte Departamento de Gest˜ao e Economia, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, 6200-209 Covilh˜a, Portugal, [email protected] Markus Eberl Senior Consultant Models and Methods, TNS Infratest Forschung GmbH, Landsberger Straße 338, 80687 M¨unchen, Germany, [email protected] Andreas Eggert University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, [email protected] Lennart Eriksson Umetrics Inc, 17 Kiel Ave, Kinnelon, NJ 07405, USA, [email protected] Jacob Eskildsen School of Business, University of Aarhus, Haslegaardsvej 10, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark, [email protected] Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi Dept. of Information Systems and Decision Sciences ESSEC Business School of Paris, Avenue Bernard Hirsch – B.P. 50105, 95021 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex, France, [email protected] Thierry Fahmy Addinsoft, 40 rue Damr´emont, 75018 Paris, France, [email protected] Georg Fassott Department of Marketing, University of Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany, [email protected] Martina Gonz´alez Gallarza Faculty of Economics, Department of Marketing, Universitat de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain, [email protected] Ina Garnefeld University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany, [email protected]

List of Contributors

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Irene Gil Department of Marketing, Universitat de Val`encia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain, [email protected] Oliver G¨otz University of M¨unster, Marketing Centrum M¨unster, Institute of Marketing, Am Stadtgraben 13-15, 48143 M¨unster, Germany, [email protected] Dwayne D. Gremler Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA, [email protected] Christiane Guinot Biometrics and Epidemiology unit, C.E.R.I.E.S, 20 rue Victor Noir, 92521 Neuilly sur Seine, France, [email protected] and Computer Science Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, University of Tours, France Mohamed Hanafi Unit´e Mixte de Recherche (ENITIAA-INRA) en Sensom´etrie et Chimiom´etrie, ENITIAA, Rue de la G´eraudi`ere – BP 82225, Nantes 44322, Cedex 3, France, [email protected] Sabrina Helm University of Arizona, John and Doris Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, 650 N. Park Ave, P.O. Box 210078, Tucson, AZ 85721-0078, USA, [email protected] J¨org Henseler Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Netherlands, [email protected] Lutz Hildebrandt Institute of Marketing, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany, [email protected] John Hulland Katz Business School, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, [email protected] Nouna Kettaneh NNS Consulting, 42 Pine Hill Rd, Hollis, NH 03049, USA, [email protected] Manfred Krafft University of M¨unster, Marketing Centrum M¨unster, Institute of Marketing, Am Stadtgraben 13-15, 48143 M¨unster, Germany, [email protected] Henning Kreis Marketing-Department, Freie Universit¨at Berlin, School of Business and Economics, Otto-von-Simson-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany, [email protected] Kai Kristensen School of Business, University of Aarhus, Haslegaardsvej 10, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark, [email protected] Dapeng Li Agricultural Bank of China, Beijing 100036, China, [email protected] Kerstin Liehr-Gobbers Hering Schuppener Consulting, Kreuzstraße 60, 40210 D¨usseldorf, Germany, [email protected]

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List of Contributors

Alexandra Mach´as Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Escola Superior de Comunicac¸a˜ o Social Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-014 Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected] ˚ Norway, Harald Martens Norwegian Food Research Institute, Matforsk, 1430 As, [email protected] and Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark and ˚ Norwegian University of Life Sciences, IKBM/CIGENE, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 As, Norway ˚ Norway, Magni Martens Norwegian Food Research Institute, Matforsk, 1430 As, [email protected] and Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Emmanuelle Mauger Biometrics and Epidemiology unit, C.E.R.I.E.S, 20 rue Victor Noir, 92521 Neuilly sur Seine, France, [email protected] Meng Jie School of Statistics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China, [email protected] Maria Manuela Neves Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon (TULisbon), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected] Laure Nokels Materials Engineering Department, Technocentre Renault, 1, avenue du Golf, API TCR LAB 2 52, 78 288 Guyancourt Cedex, France, [email protected] Coskun Ozkan Department of Industrial Engineering, Kocaeli University, Veziroglu Yerleskesi, 41040 Kocaeli, Turkey, coskun [email protected] M´ario Lino Barata Raposo Departamento de Gest˜ao e Economia, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, 6200-209 Covilh˜a, Portugal, [email protected] Robert K. Rayner Market Strategies International, 20255 Victor Parkway, Suite 400, Livonia, MI 48152, USA, bob [email protected] Christian M. Ringle University of Hamburg, Institute for Industrial Management and Organizations, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, [email protected] and University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Management and Organization Studies, P.O. Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia Jos´e L. Rold´an Management and Marketing Department, University of Seville, Ram´on y Cajal, 1, 41018 Sevilla, Spain, [email protected]

List of Contributors

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David Mart´ın Ruiz Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales, 41012 Sevilla, Spain, [email protected] Michael J. Ryan Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 105, Bass Harbor, ME 04653, USA, [email protected] Solve Sæbø Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), ˚ Norway, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 As, [email protected] Gilbert S...