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Harvard Referencing All formats Books & e-books Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Direct Quote

A student's aspirations and attitudes

Fuller, C 2011, Sociology, gender and

are influenced by 'the interplay of

educational aspirations: girls and their

class alongside other equally

ambitions, Continuum International,

important factors including for

New York.

example, gender, ethnicity, levels of trust, self-confidence and selfBook: Single Author

identification' (Fuller 2011, p. 162). OR

Indirect Quote

Self-identification is one of many factors that influence a student's aspirations (Fuller 2011).

Book: 2 or 3 Authors

According to Weinberg and Gould

Weinberg, RS & Gould, D

(2011)

2011, Foundations of sport and

OR

exercise psychology, Human Kinetics,

... this is evident (Weinberg & Gould

Champaign, IL.

2011) Book: More Than 3

Allen et al. (2011) have found...

Allen, J, O'Toole, W, Harris, R &

Authors

OR

McDonnell, I 2011, Festival and special

Special events are a celebration

event management, 5th edn, John

(Allen et al. 2011)

Wiley & Sons, Milton, QLD.

Show only the name of the first

Provide the names of all authors in

author or body, followed by et al.

the reference list.

According to the Style manual for

Style manual for authors, editors and

authors, editors and printers (2002, p.

printers 2002, 6th edn, AGPS,

197)...

Canberra, ACT.

When there is no author, the title is

If no author or editor, the title is

used as the first element in the

used as the first element of the

reference (Style manual for

reference.

authors, editors and printers 2002,

Edition number is placed after the

p. 197).

title (not necessary for first edition).

(ed. Ashwin 2006)

Ashwin, P (ed.) 2006, Changing higher

OR

education: the development of learning

edited by Ashwin (2006)

and teaching, Routledge, London.

Book: No Author

Book: Editor

When more than one editor, use

Page 1 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example (eds.).

Chapter or part of a Book

Boud (2006, p. 23) states that 'self-

Boud, D 2006, 'Aren't we all learner-

to which a number of

directed learning...' OR 'Self-directed

centred now?: the bittersweet flavour of

authors have

learning is...' (Boud 2006, p. 23)

success', in P Ashwin (ed.), Changing

contributed

Book: Translator &

higher education: the development of In the in-text reference, name the

learning and teaching, Routledge,

author of the chapter.

London, pp. 19–32.

(Marklund 2011)

Marklund, L 2011, Exposed, trans. N

Author Book: Organisation as

Smith, Random House, Canada. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011)

Author

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011, 2011 census dictionary, cat. no.

Department of Health and Family

2901.0, ABS, Canberra.

Services prepared the guidelines (DHFS 2007)

Department of Health and Family Services 2007, Youth suicide in

Abbreviations can be used for long

Australia: the National Youth Suicide

organisational names but be

Prevention Strategy, AGPS, Canberra.

consistent. E-book

(Rosen 2011)

Rosen, L 2011, The culture of Islam:

OR

changing aspects of contemporary

Rosen (2011) regards...

Muslim life, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. E-books are referenced in the same way as print books.

Book on eReader

(Tsiolkas 2010)

Tsiolkas, C 2010, The slap, eReader version, accessed 14 September 2011

For direct quotations of online

from Amazon.com.

material without pagination, name the major sections, chapter section, and paragraph number. Multiple works same

Marketing requires matching your

McDonald, M & Payne, A

author

customers needs (McDonald & Payne

1996, Marketing planning for services,

1996, 2006)

Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.

OR

McDonald, M & Payne, A 2006, Marketing plans for service

McDonald and Payne (1996, 2006)

businesses: a complete guide, 2nd edn,

state...

Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.

Page 2 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Multiple works same

The illustrations in Bradford & Coutts

Branford, A & Coutts, L 2015a, The

author, same year

(2015a, 2015b) highlight how bright

precious ring, Walker Books Australia,

colours add to the textual message ...

Newtown, NSW. Branford, A & Coutts, L 2015b, The wishing seed, Walker Books Australia, Newtown, NSW.

Secondary

'...optimistic, independent yet good at

El-Shamy, S 2004, How to design and

Sources: When you are

collaboration' (Tapscott, cited in El-

deliver training for the new and

referring to the ideas or

Shamy 2004, p. 25).

emerging generations, Wiley, San

words of an author who has been referenced in

Francisco. Provide names of both authors.

the book you are

Provide the reference for the book

referencing

that you actually read.

Classical Works

'Remain in me, and I will remain in

If you are quoting a verse or extract,

you. No branch can bear fruit by itself’

you do not need to provide a

(John 15:4, New International

Reference List entry.

Version). If you are referring to a particular edition for a significant reason, William Shakespeare, Romeo and

reference in the same way as a print

Juliet, act 3, scene 2, line 74

book.

illustrates the involvement of family...

Journal Articles Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Direct quote

According to Cant (2010, p. 82),

Cant, RP 2010, 'Investing in patients'

'undernutrition in hospital patients is

nutrition: nutrition risk screening in

a condition that requires serious

hospital', Australian Journal of Advanced

examination'.

Nursing, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 81-87.

Journal Article: Print or Online

OR Cant (2010) suggests that there is a need for more research into the

Indirect quote

An article obtained from a Database, from E-reserve or from VU Collaborate is referenced in the same way as a print article.

nutritional screening of patients.

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Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Journal Article with two

(Allen & Black 1995)

Allen, MC & Black, R 1995, 'The future of

authors

OR

instructional designers in

Allen and Black (1995) have

Australia', Distance Education, vol. 15, no.

found...

2, pp. 16-25.

Journal Article with three

(Allen, Zuboff & Black 1994)

Allen, MC, Zuboff, T & Black, R 1994,

authors

OR

'Instructional designers in Australia: the

Allen, Zuboff and Black (1994) have

state of play', Distance Education, vol. 16,

found...

no. 1, pp. 26-34.

Journal Article with more

(Allen et al. 1993)

Allen, MC, Grant, BA, Zuboff, T & Black,

than three authors

OR

R 1993, 'Instructional designers in

Allen et al. (1993) have found...

Australia: a brief history', Distance Education, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 15-17.

Newspaper Articles Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Newspaper: Print

(Gordon 2011)

Gordon, M 2011, 'The boat that changed it all', The Age, 20 August, p. 18. Article obtained from a Database, from Ereserve or from VU Collaborate is referenced in the same way as a print article.

Newspaper: From a

(Norton 2011)

Website

Norton, A 2011, 'Why teaching must be rated', The Age, 11 October, viewed 13 October 2011, .

Newspaper article:

(The Age 24 January 2011, p. 12)

For newspaper articles where no author is

without author

OR

indicated, provide details of the source in the

...in The Age (24 January 2011, p.

in-text reference.

12) Newspaper article: from a separately paginated

(Wilson 2009)

No entry in the reference list is required. Wilson, J 2009, 'In defence of the superficial', The Age, 26 September, A2, p. 23.

section

Page 4 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example The title of the separately paginated section of the newspaper is indicated before the page number (separated by a comma).

Media Release

(Nutall 2011)

Nuttall, N 2011, UNEP study confirms DR Congo's potential as environmental powerhouse but warns of critical threats, media release, UNEP, viewed 10 October 2011, .

Internet / Websites Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Website

Complementary and conventional

HealthInsite 2011, Complementary and alternative

medicine when used together is

therapies, National Health Call Centre Network,

known as integrative medicine

viewed 14 September 2011,

(HealthInsite 2011)

. Webpage: No

(Occupy Melbourne 2011)

Author

Occupy Melbourne 2011, Beat, viewed 17 October 2011, .

page title if it is too long. Webpage: No Date

(Nutrition Australia n.d.)

Nutrition Australia n.d., Healthy eating schools, Nutrition Australia, viewed 17 October 2011, . Use the abbreviation n.d. for "no date".

Web Document

The Department of Human Services

Department of Human Services 2001, Achieving

(2001, p.33) found that '...'

service quality improvement: best practice

OR

initiatives in placement and support services 2000-

It has been reported that '...'

2001, Child Protection and Juvenile Justice

(Department of Human Services

Branch, Community Care Division, Department of

2001, p.33)

Human Services, Melbourne, viewed 2 September 2010, .

Page 5 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

… as stated in the Section C - Fire

Australian Building Codes Board 2015, National

Resistance of the National

Construction Code 2015 Building Code of

Construction Code Series (Australian

Australia Volume One, Australian Building Codes

Building Codes Board 2015)…

Board, viewed 22 May 2015, .

Blog Post

(Wilton 2010)

Wilton, P 2010, ‘Proteins prove their metal’, Oxford Science Blog, weblog post, 7 July, viewed 10 August 2011, .

Computer Software

(OpenOffice.org 2011)

OpenOffice.org 2011, computer software, downloaded 17 October 2011, .

Lecture Notes Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Lecture Notes

'IIegal or unauthorised access to

Thomas, B 2010, Security and controls, lecture notes,

information does not leave a theft

Systems Design BCO3144 Victoria University,

record' (Thomas 2010).

delivered 2 September 2010.

Direct quote

Lecture notes obtained from an online source (such as VU Collaborate or E-reserve) are referenced as shown in the example above. Lecture Recording

Patient ratios were highlighted in

Ryan, R 2010, Week 4: Nurse patient relationships &

a recent lecture (Ryan 2010)...

professional boundaries, lecture recording,

Indirect quote

Frameworks for Nursing Practice HNB1101, Victoria University, delivered 23 March 2010.

Theses Material Type

In-text example

Thesis:

(Suwetwattanakul 2010)

unpublished

Reference List example Suwetwattanakul, C 2010, 'Developing a knowledge sharing model for the implementation of the learning organization in Thailand', PhD thesis, Victoria University, Melbourne. Title is not italicised for unpublished theses.

Page 6 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Thesis: published

(Binder 2009)

Reference List example Binder, G 2009, Corporate governance in Arab countries: development of corporate governance in Arab and MENA countries, University of Vienna, Vienna. Barua, S 2010, Drought assessment and

Thesis:

(Barua 2010)

Online

forecasting using a nonlinear aggregated drought index, PhD thesis, Victoria University, Melbourne, viewed 12 October 2011, .

Legislation Material Type Acts/Statutes

In-text example

Reference List example

Section 28 of the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) states that... OR Acts done with intent...(Crimes Act 2001 (Cth), s.28)

Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) s.28

(Sex and Age Discrimination Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (No. 40)).

Sex and Age Discrimination Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (No. 40, 2011) No full stops at the end of the reference for the Reference List for legislation and cases.

Bills

Carbon Tax Plebiscite Bill 2011

Carbon Tax Plebiscite Bill 2011 (Cth)

(Cth). No Italics. Cases

James Hardie Industries NV v Australian Securities and

James Hardie Industries NV v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2010) 274 ALR 85

Investments Commission (2010) 274 ALR 85.

Conference Proceedings Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example

Conference Paper:

(Bayne & Ross 2007)

Bayne, S & Ross, J 2007, 'The ‘digital native’ and

Online

‘digital immigrant’: a dangerous opposition', Annual Conference of the Society for Research into Higher Education (SRHE), Brighton, Sussex, 11-13

Page 7 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Material Type

In-text example

Reference List example December 2007, viewed 9 October 2011, .

Conference Paper:

(Buckley 2001)

Published (Print)

Buckley, R 2001, 'Presentation on the application of regulatory and voluntary instruments for sustainable tourism development in small islands', Island tourism in Asia and the Pacific: a report on WTO/UNEP international conference on sustainable tourism in the islands of the Asia-Pacific region, Sanya, Island of Hainan, China, 6-8 December 2000, World Tourism Organization, Madrid, pp. 46-64. The techniques for referencing conference papers are very similar to those used when referencing a journal article. Put the conference name in italics.

Conference Paper:

(Olasoji & Draganova 2010)

Unpublished

Olasoji, R & Draganova, C 2010, 'Mobile Learning Portal for Computing Students' paper presented at the IADIS International Conference, Mobile Learning 2010, Porto, Portugal,19 - 21 March 2010. For unpublished papers, include the phrase ‘paper presented at...’ before the name of the conference. You do not need to put the conference name in italics.

Complete Conference Proceedings

(WTO & UNEP 2001)

World Tourism Organization & United Nations Environment Programme 2001, Island tourism in Asia and the Pacific: a report on WTO/UNEP international conference on sustainable tourism in the islands of the Asia-Pacific region, Sanya, Island of Hainan, China, 6-8 December 2000, World Tourism Organization, Madrid. This example shows how to deal with organisations as corporate authors. The name, place and date of the conference are italicised because they form part of the title of the work.

Page 8 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats

Personal Communications Material Type Email

Interview

Letter

Telephone call

In-text example An email (JW Ayers 2011, personal communication, 2 September) confirming that results are accurate ...

Reference List example You do not need to include an entry in the reference list.

During an interview conducted on 11 October 2011, Prof Peter Dawkins stated that … OR The Vice Chancellor's statement was confirmed during an interview (P Dawkins 2011, personal communication, 11 October)

You do not need to include an entry in the reference list.

In a letter dated 17 October 2011, Ben Cork stated that... OR Ben Cork expressed sincere regret in his letter (B Cork 2011, personal communication, 17 October)

You do not need to include an entry in the reference list.

During a phone interview conducted on 11 October 2011,

This example is about referencing information from an interview that you have conducted. For interviews conducted by another person or using different media, please refer to the page on multimedia formats in this guide.

You do not need to include an entry in the reference list.

Professor Sally Richards stated that... OR The Vice Chancellor's statement was confirmed during a phone interview (S Richards 2011, personal communication, 11 October)

Multi-media materials Material Type Online Video

In-text example

Reference List example

(Brooklyn, 2015)

Brooklyn 2015, online video, Transmission Films, viewed 14 February 2017, .

Page 9 of 14

Harvard Referencing All formats Victoria University Library 2017)

Victoria University Library 2017, Ebooks: how to download an EBook Central...