Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology PDF

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Historical Antecedents in the Course of Scienceand TechnologyLearning Outcomes 1. Identify significant inventions or discoveries over the course of history. 2. Discuss scientific and technological developments in the Philippines. 3. Explain how science and technology has changed the global society a...

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Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology Learning Outcomes 1. Identify significant inventions or discoveries over the course of history. 2. Discuss scientific and technological developments in the Philippines. 3. Explain how science and technology has changed the global society and the environment. Introduction Imagine the world without electricity, cellphone, internet, motorcycles, umbrella, etc. Life would be difficult. In the present day, the inventions and discoveries of science and technology allow people to do more with so little time and effort. Complicated and difficult tasks are done easily. The inventions and discoveries brought about by science and technology is a gradual improvement from the prior works of inventors. The impetus behind these inventions and discoveries is the desire to improve the quality of life of the people. Lesson 1. Inventions in the Ancient Times 1.1 Sumerian Civilization/ Ancient Mesopotamia 1.2 Babylonian Civilization Discussion Ancient Times People were concerned with navigation, communication, transportation, mass production, security, record keeping and protection. Likewise, they were into discovering materials concerning perpetuity of life, aesthetics and engineering. 1.1 Sumerian Civilization = known for their aspiration of great things which pushed them to develop many things related to science and technology. According to great historian Samuel Noah Kramer, the people of Sumer had an unusual flair for technological invention. In the process of making these inventions they changed our manner of food cultivation, building our dwelling places, communication and management of records and time. = The driving force of Sumerians’ ingenuity is due to their land was deprived of natural resources, according to Philip Jones, (curator) Penn Museum, Philadelphia = As Kramer writes, Sumerian are naturally ambitious and aims for success, honor and recognition, which drove them to think big and create.

Here are 9 great inventions of Sumerians  Cuneiform = system of writing using pictures and symbols  Mass production of Pottery= using turning wheel to mass produce pots and containers  Complex system of canals = dams constructed using reeds, palm trunks and mud to water their farm fields  Chariot = two wheeled cart  Plow = Sumerians even produce a manual to instruct farmers on how to use the plow  Textile mills = weave fabric for clothing  Mass Produced bricks = created larger cities using bricks as there is shortage of lumber and stones  Metallurgy = Sumerians are the earliest people to use copper  Mathematics = Sumerians developed a numbering system based on units of 60 (Kreb,2003) 1.2 Babylonian Civilization Babylonians can be credited for inventing like the wheel, and the sailboat, as well as the invention of map engraved on clay tablets.  First Map = first map on a clay tablet in 2300 BC. The map was used as a reference military camps, exploration and hunting  Cuneiform = characters are carved on a clay slab using stylus.  Agriculture = the plow made of stone hoe to turn the soil. This invention made them changed from hunters and gatherers to an agricultural community  Urbanization = People transferred to cities to seek educational and employment opportunities thus creating community.  Astrology and Horoscope = Babylonians thought that celestial bodies are divinely powerful and can direct people’s lives. Likewise, the stars were useful to them in order to determine the weather, climate, and the seasons. Solar system was studied to predict future events like thunder or an eclipse.  Concept of time = Babylonians were estimating that the earth moved around the sun took 360 days in a year  Sailboat = its importance was recognized due to the two famous rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates  Wheel = made of clay and mud and wooden wheels were later developed. The earliest wheel being used for pottery.  Mathematics = Babylonians were practicing fractions, algebra, and Pythagoras theorem. = it is an essential part of life for measuring land and tax system. = use of geometric shapes were utilized as foundation for their architecture.  Arts and Architecture = Hanging Gardens of Babylon...