HLTH 377notes PDF

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Lectures on pregnancy and STD/STIS...

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HLTH 377: Human Sexuality Sept 24,2018: Pregnancy  Some medications are not okay to take during pregnancy, should ask a doctor what is safe to take and what should be stopped or taken in a lower dose  Pregnancy: 40 weeks 3 trimesters o Trimester 1: conception-13 weeks  Positive urine/blood pregnancy test by week 4  Embryo is the size of a poppy seed  Fertilization -> implantation-> development of placenta and gestational sac-> development of organs-> sexual differentiation  Transition from embryo to fetus around week 11  Embryonic stage o Developing foundation, formation of critical systems, most critical development happens and many do not know that they are pregnant if they are not trying an/or tracking  Fetal stage: growth and development to be able to survive on the outside  Heartbeat can be heard 9-10 weeks on Doppler  Embryo is the size of an olive or pecan  At the end of the first trimester, the fetus is about the size of a jalapeno or clownfish  Maternal changes: amenorrhea, morning sickness, breast tenderness/enlargement, urinary frequency, fatigue, uterine enlargement o Trimester 2: 14-26 weeks  Fetal development: further differentiation and maturation of organ systems  Maternal development: less morning sickness, more energy, able to feel fetal movement (the quickening), examiner can feel fetus in the pelvis and abdominally, abdominal enlargement, heartburn, constipation  Viability: 23 weeks gestation- could possibly live outside of the womb with significant intervention (NICU)  At the end of this trimester the fetus is approximately 14 inches long and weighs about 2 pounds (aka the length of a butternut squash or a bowling pin) o Trimester 3: 27-40 weeks  Fetal development:  Organ maturation continues, fetus gorws in wights and size, fetus gaining weight more rapidly, should assume head down position  Considered full term at 38 weeks

Maternal changes: Braxton-hicks contractions (practice labor) At the end of this trimester the fetus is approximately 19-21 inches in length and weights anywhere from 6-10 lbs  During this time the baby grows from the size of a coconut to a watermelon Labor: *nipple play can stimulate labor o Dilation:  Engagement  First stage begins when you start having contractions that cause progressive changes in your cervix and ends when your cervix if fully dilated o Some people lose their mucus plus, others may experience the rupture of their amniotic sac (water breaking) or neither of these  The first stage is divided into three stages: o Early labor (8-12 hours)  Your cervix gradually effaces (thins out) and dilates (opens)  Onset until 3 cm  Contractions about 5-30 minutes apart o Active labor (3-5) hours  Your cervix begins to dilate more rapidly and contractions are longer, stronger, and closer together  About 3-7 cm  Contractions about 3-5 minutes apart o Transition phase (30 min- 2 hours)  Last stage before pushing  About 7-10 cm  Longer contractions with 30 seconds to 2 minutes of rest in between o Pushing stage:  The second stage of labor begins when you’re fully dilated (10 cm) and ends with the birth of your baby  Can last average of 20 minutes to 2 hours  There is an increasing rectal pressure and intestinal, primal urge to bear down. Stool and urine may be expelled in the process  The fetus moves down through the vagina until delivered, although a variety of complications may require a cesarean section or other interventions o Placenta  Begins right after the birth of your baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta. It may take a few moment up to 10 minutes for the placenta to be delivered  

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The uterus is massaged after delivery of placenta to prevent hemorrhage  During this time the newborn may be places in the breast. Breastfeeding facilitates release of oxytocin, which promotes bonding and the contraction of the uterus. While mild supply may take a few days to develop, colostrum is present immediately after birth  Types of labor: o Spontaneous labor: labor progresses with contractions that dilate the cervix without medical assistance o Induced of augmented labor: labor contractions are stimulated by medications that then should result in dilation of the cervix  Types of deliver: o Natural childbirth: unmediated vaginal birth o Vaginal delivery: may be medicated or unmedicated o Interventive delivery: assisted vaginal delivery using a “vacuum” or forceps to assist in delivering the presenting part o Cesarean section: operative delivery, where the abdomen and the uterus are opened in surgery and the fetus is delivered through that opening 9/26/18: Sexually Transmitted Infections  STD VS. STI  3 categories o Parasitic: treatable and curable  Pubic lice o Bacterial: treatable and curable  Syphilis  Gonorrhea  Chlamydia (F) o Viral: treatable  Herpes (s)  HPV  Chlamydia o Bacterial infection o Can infect the penis, cervix, anus, urethra, eye, or throat o Transmitted through infected vagina secretions, penile secretions, and rectal sites o Symptoms  Most commonly there are no symptoms at all  Buring sensation during urination  Discharge/pain from genitals or rectum  Testicular tenderness or pain  Painful sex o Testing  Possible detection within the first week 

 Most likely detection in two weeks  Highest accuracy in 4 weeks o Treatment  Oral antibiotics  If left untreated, can lead to infertility and reproductive health complications  Retesting is recommended to confirm successful Tx and no re-infection  Gonorrhea o Bacterial o Can infect the penis, cervix, anus, urethra, eye, or throat o Transmitted through infected vagina secretions, penile secretions, and rectal sites o Symptoms  Got a vulva?  Burning or pain during urination  4 out of 5 don’t get symptoms  Got a penis?  Burning or pain during urination  1 out of 10 don’t get symptoms o Testing  Possible detection within the first week  Most likely detection during 1-2 weeks  Highest accuracy 2-3 weeks o Treatment  Duo treatment  Syphilis o Transmitted from person to person by direct contact with a syphilitic sore known as a chancre…. o Chancres start out on genitals and in stage two spreads to body  Third stage: starts affecting rest of body (2 to 30 years+) o Testing:  Possible detection 1-2 weeks  Most likely 6 weeks  Highest accuracy 12 weeks  Blood test  What is an STI/HIV testing window period? o Time between potential exposure to HIV infection and the point when the test will give an accurate result 10/8/18 Sex education  But what does evidence-based curriculum look like? 1. Focused on clear health goals (i.e. prevention of STD/HIV/pregnancy, or both)

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2. Focused on specific types of behavior leading to these health goals (i.e. oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex) 3. Focused on clear health behaviors (i.e. abstaining from sex or using condoms or other contraceptives) 4. Addressed sexual risk and protective factors that affect sexual behavior (i.e. knowledge, perceived risks and norms, values, attitudes, and self-efficacy) 5. Employed activities, instructional methods, and behavioral messages that were appropriate to the students’ culture, developmental age, and sexual experience 6. Covered topics in a logical sequence Sex is any sexual contact in which an infection could be cases Abstinence is abstaining from ALL sexual contact What is safer sex? o Eliminating risks by using barriers o STI screenings and sexual health exams o Choices and behaviors that can reduce risks:  Limiting sexual partners  Limiting or avoiding high-risk sexual behaviors  Knowing your partner’s status  Using barrier methods  Birth control and back up methods  PrEP ABCD’s o Abstinence o Being monogamous, or limiting partners  Knowing your and your partner’s status is key here o Consistent condom/barrier use o Do something different!  (do something less risky or masturbate!)

10/22/18 Intro to LGBTQ+ Health and Wellness

10//24/18 Trans health  terminology o transgender/trans o genderqueer o genderfluid o gender non-conforming o non-binary o agender  approximately 0.6% of adults in the United States or 1.4 million individuals identify as transgender

10/31/18 Healthy relationships  What kind of relationships do we have in our lives? o Family o Partners, boyfriends, girlfriends o Friends o Hookups o Classmates, teammates o Teachers, coaches o Coworkers  Equality wheel 11/5/18  When it comes to talking about sex, there are different things we all bring to the table o Values o Beliefs o Comfort levels o Knowledge o Experiences o Identities o All are valid and welcome!...